数字图书馆新技术展望

1. 数字图书馆新技术展望 林 夏 2006年8月

2. 新技术还是新观念？ • 从1.0 到 2.0 • 技术更新了 • 观念的变化更大。 • 从DSPACE 到 。。。 • 我们刚开始使用DSPACE， • 但DSPACE的下一代产品已经出来了。 • 它给我们的启示是什么？

3. Seeking a Paradigm Shift … • On digital collections • From documents to documents with data • From repositories to learning communities • From digital libraries to cyber-infrastructure • On digital organizations • From a standard-driven metadata to a community-based, user-driven social classification. • From a structured, regulated information space to a dynamic, self-organizing space • From tagging to semantic digital libraries

4. Trend 1: From document collections to document “data collections” • Text • HighWire Press • BioMed Central • eScholarship Repository • Non-Text • NASA Image Exchange • Open Video • Data • Science – CODATA（Committee on Data for • Science and Technology ） • Social Science – ICPSR (The Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research)

5. Trend 2: From repositories to learning communities • Learning Object Repositories • Learning Object Standard • SCORE – Sharable Content Online Resources for Education • SCORM – Sharable Content Object Reference Model • Learning Communities • IMS Global Leaning Consortium • Learning System -- CORDRA

6. Trend 3: From Digital Libraries to Cyber-infrastructure • Creations of a technological foundation for significant discovery, synthesis, and dissemination brought about by the Information Revolution. • Establishment a culture of modern research in all the areas: sciences, engineering, and social sciences, and humanities. • Integration of technology, content, and practice.

7. 新一代的数字图书馆 • 必须建立在新的观念上 • Understand the nature and characteristics of digital information • Digital libraries are established on the networked information environment • Study emergent behaviors of links or relationships among information entities • Organize information not only by concepts but also by links or connections. • Put people and community first • Users are digital libraries contributors. • Users collaborate through digital libraries

8. 一门新的学科 • Digital Information Organization (DIO) • 建立在三个学科的基础上 • The Science of Networks • How everything is connected to everything else and we can still make sense of it. • What are the characteristics of the information space? • Library and Information Science • How information is defined and represented • How information seeking activities can be defined in a cognitive framework • Cognitive Science • What is know about the mind and how it processes information • What do people do with information?

9. Selected Readings • Network Science • Barabasi, A. (2003). Linked: The New Science of Networks. • Watts, D. (2003). Six degrees: The science of a connected age. • LIS • Ingwersen, P.; & Jäevelin, K. (2005). The Turn: Integration of information seeking and retrieval in context • Svenonius, E. (2000). The intellectual foundation of information organization. • Cognitive Science • Lakoff, G., & , . (1990). Woman, fire, and dangerous things: what categories reveal about the mind. • Lamberts, K., & Shanks, D. (Eds.). (1997). Knowledge, concepts, and categories

10. Networked information environment?

11. The New Science of Networks • The study of complexity of connectivity. • The study of emergent behaviors of physical, biological, and social networks. • Some essential findings • Power law distribution • Small Worlds • Six Degree of Separation • Hubs and Connectors • Scale-free networks • The 80/20 rule • Rich Get richer • Hierarchies and communities

12. The Fundamental Question • The information problem today is moving from the lack of information to information overload. • What are the characteristics of such a shift? • What changes will the shift bring to the information environment? • How do we adapt to such a shift? • We need new knowledge representation methods in today’s networked information environment.

13. My exploration: Dynamic Knowledge Representation • Digital Information Organization needs to be: • Dynamics • Networked • User-initiated • Community-based • Self-organized

14. Comparison of DIO with Thesaurus

15. Tagging • Tagging is very popular this year • It’s a kind of social bookmarking • It’s a kind of social classification • It’s a new information organizing method • User-initiated • Connection-based • Community-based • It has a lot of features of (future) DIO • It’s not there yet. • What’s missing? • What can be improved?

16. Problems of Tagging • Users are free to use any words or terms as tags. • Users are free to assign different meanings to the tags they use. • Tags are not semantically connected. • No semantic structure? • We need to bring semantics back to the tags!

17. Semantic Digital Libraries • Enhance current digital libraries through • integrate information based on different metadata • interface • ontology languages • ontology-based search/facet search • community-enabled browsing • Enforce the transition from a static information space to a dynamic (collaborative) knowledge space.

18. Simile • Semantic Interoperability of metadata and information in unLike Environments • “Leverage and extend DSpace, enhancing its support for arbitrary schemas and metadata, primarily though the application of RDF and Semantic Web technology. “ • W3C, HP, MIT 正在合作开发一系列新系统 • 加强DSPACE的原数据的功能 • 将 Semantic Web Technologies 应用于数字图书馆

19. SIMILE • Tools for Metadata Managers • Gadget - XML inspector • RDFizers - Batch tools to transform existing XML data into RDF • Solvent - Firefox extension for Javascript screen scraping • Welkin - Graphical tool to inspect/edit RDF graph • Tools for End-Users • Longwell - Web-based RDF faceted metadata browser • Piggy Bank - Firefox extension for personal information management of metadata in RDF • Semantic Bank - Web-based server that allows data publishing and sharing by individuals, groups, or communities

20. BRICKS • Building Resources for Integrated Cultural Knowledge Services • Advanced open source software solutions for the sharing and the exploitation of digital cultural resources. • Access to distributed available information resources

21. BRICKS • Content Management • store content internally or reference content stored anywhere else • implementation based on Java Content Repository (JCR) / Jackrabbit • Metadata Management • support for various metadata schemas defined in OWL-DL • bibliographic records in RDF; query on records in SPARQL • implementation based on Jena Semantic Web Framework • Collection Management • organize content items in hierarchical structures (or folders) • Annotation Management • collaborative aspect of BRICKS • annotate images or image parts with text or links to other items

22. JeromeDL • Digital library build on semantic web technologies to answer requirements from: librarians, scientists and everyone. • A social semantic digital library makes use of Semantic Web and Social Networking technologies to enhance both interoperability and usability

24. Conclusions • 新的观念正在推动新技术的发展 • 数字图书馆的内涵还在扩展。 • 数字图书馆与数字图书馆的使用必须同步发展。 • 用户应当参与数字图书馆内容与组织的建设。 • From Tagging to Semantic Digital Libraries – 数字化信息的组织建设正在酝酿着一场新的革新。