1 / 56

Tissues

Tissues. Chapter 5. Introduction. Tissue -a group of similar cells that perform a specialized function Four major types of tissue: Epithelial -form protective coverings and function in secretion and absorption Connective -support softer body parts and bind structures together

Download Presentation

Tissues

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Tissues Chapter 5

  2. Introduction • Tissue-a group of similar cells that perform a specialized function • Four major types of tissue: • Epithelial-form protective coverings and function in secretion and absorption • Connective-support softer body parts and bind structures together • Muscle-produce body movements • Nervous-conduct impulses that help control and coordinate body activities

  3. http://www.bio.davidson.edu/people/kabernd/BerndCV/Lab/EpithelialInfoWeb/index_clip_image001.jpghttp://www.bio.davidson.edu/people/kabernd/BerndCV/Lab/EpithelialInfoWeb/index_clip_image001.jpg

  4. Epithelial Tissues: General Characteristics • They…cover organs, form inter linings of cavities, and line hollow organs • Always has a surface exposed • The underside is anchored to connective tissue by a thin, nonliving layer, called the basement membrane • They lack blood vessels but nutrients get to them by diffusion through the connective tissue below it

  5. http://bioserv.fiu.edu/~walterm/FallSpring/review1_fall05_chap_tissue5_files/image009.jpghttp://bioserv.fiu.edu/~walterm/FallSpring/review1_fall05_chap_tissue5_files/image009.jpg

  6. Epithelial cells divide quickly which allows for injuries to heal rapidly (where they are they get damaged quite a bit) • Tightly packed which allows them to be great protective barriers like outside of skin • They secrete, absorb, excrete, and aid in sensory reception

  7. http://www.stegen.k12.mo.us/tchrpges/sghs/ksulkowski/images/10_Simple_Squamous_Apical_Epithelial_Tissue.jpghttp://www.stegen.k12.mo.us/tchrpges/sghs/ksulkowski/images/10_Simple_Squamous_Apical_Epithelial_Tissue.jpg

  8. Classified according to shape and number of layers: • Simple-composed of a single layer of cells • Stratified-two or more layers of cells • Squamous-thin flattened cells • Cuboidal-cube shaped • Columnar-elongated cells • Structure affects function with these tissues!!!!

  9. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Illu_epithelium.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Illu_epithelium.jpg

  10. Simple Squamous epithelium • Single layer of thin, flattened cells • Main function is diffusion and filtration • Line air sacs (alveoli) of lungs and capillaries of blood and lymph for gas exchange • Easily damaged http://www.bio.davidson.edu/people/kabernd/BerndCV/Lab/EpithelialInfoWeb/handdrawn2.jpg

  11. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium http://webanatomy.net/histology/epithelium/simple_cuboidal.jpg

  12. http://www.biosci.ohiou.edu/introbioslab/Bios171/images/lab1/columnar.jpghttp://www.biosci.ohiou.edu/introbioslab/Bios171/images/lab1/columnar.jpg

  13. Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium http://faculty.une.edu/com/abell/histo/Pseudostratw.jpg

  14. webanatomy.net

  15. http://antranik.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/stratified-cuboidal-epithelium.pnghttp://antranik.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/stratified-cuboidal-epithelium.png

  16. http://www.baileybio.com/plogger/images/anatomy___physiology/13.powerpoint_-_urinary_system/transitional_epithelium.jpghttp://www.baileybio.com/plogger/images/anatomy___physiology/13.powerpoint_-_urinary_system/transitional_epithelium.jpg

  17. http://images.tutorvista.com/content/tissues/glandular-epithelium-tissue.jpeghttp://images.tutorvista.com/content/tissues/glandular-epithelium-tissue.jpeg

  18. Glandular Epithelium • Glands secrete their products into ducts that open onto some internal or external surface are called exocrine glands • Glands that secrete their products into tissue fluid or blood are called endocrine glands • Exocrine glands are split into three groups

  19. http://home.earthlink.net/~bellastuff/nutrition/glands.gif

  20. Excretory glands Sweat and saliva Mammary glands Sebaceous glands of the skin

  21. Connective Tissues Connective tissue video • Connective tissues • Bind structures • Provide support and protection • Serve as frameworks • Fill spaces • Store fat • Produce blood cells • Protect against infections • Help repair tissue damage

  22. General Characteristics • Father apart than epithelial cells, have an abundance of intercellular material or matrix between them (made of fibers and ground substance) • Can usually divide • Most have good blood supplies • Quite rigid (bone and cartilage) • Some flexible (loose connective tissue, adipose tissue, and dense connective tissue)

  23. http://asavory.edublogs.org/files/2012/11/20_05ConnectiveTissue-L-10fyvfx.jpghttp://asavory.edublogs.org/files/2012/11/20_05ConnectiveTissue-L-10fyvfx.jpg

  24. Major cell types • Some are fixed cells (fibroblasts and mast cells) appear in stable numbers, some are wandering cells (macrophages) which appear temporarily • Fibroblasts-produce fibers by secreting proteins into the matrix of connective tissues (most common fixed cells)

  25. Fibroblasts

  26. Macrophages (histocytes)- start as white blood cells and carry on phagocytosis • Can move around and are scavenger cells that clear foreign particles from tissues http://srxa.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/macrophage-2.jpg

  27. Mast cells large and usually located near blood vessels they release heparin (prevents blood clotting) and histamine (promotes inflammation and allergies) http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Mastocytosis/PublishingImages/Human_mast_cell.jpg

  28. Three types of connective tissue fibers • Collagenous fibers - thick threads of the protein collagen • Collagenous fibers are important components of body pats that hold structures together • Ligaments – connect bones to bones • Tendons – connects muscles to bones • Elastic fibers – composed of protein called elastin • Elastic fibers are weaker and stretch easily • Found in body parts that stretch like vocal cords • Reticular fibers – thin collagenous fibers • Highly branched and form delicate support networks

  29. http://www.whitetigernaturalmedicine.com/craniosacral-therapy/story-craniosacral-therapy-inst-08http://www.whitetigernaturalmedicine.com/craniosacral-therapy/story-craniosacral-therapy-inst-08

  30. 6 Types of connective tissue • Connective tissue proper: • Loose connective tissue • Adipose tissue • Dense (fibrous) connective tissue • Specialized connective tissue: • Cartilage • Bone • Blood

  31. http://asavory.edublogs.org/files/2012/11/20_05ConnectiveTissue-L-10fyvfx.jpghttp://asavory.edublogs.org/files/2012/11/20_05ConnectiveTissue-L-10fyvfx.jpg

  32. Loose connective tissue • Function: Binds organ together; holds tissue fluids • Location: Beneath skin, between muscles, beneath epithelial tissues • General characteristics: Forms thin membranes throughout the body

  33. Loose connective tissue http://stevegallik.org/sites/histologyolm.stevegallik.org/images/areolar_01.jpg

  34. Adipose tissue • Function: Protects, insulates, stores fat • Location: Beneath skin, around kidneys, behind eyeballs, on surface of heart • General characteristics: Fat, which is a specialized form of loose connective tissue, develops when certain cells store fat in droplets within their cytoplasm that enlarge

  35. Adipose tissue http://www.deltagen.com/target/histologyatlas/atlas_files/musculoskeletal/adipose_tissue_white_40x.jpg

  36. Dense connective tissue • Function: Binds organs together • Location: Tendons, ligaments, deeper layers of skin • General characteristics: Consists of many closely packed, thick, collagenous fibers and a fine network of elastic fibers

  37. Dense connective tissue http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/cm1504/15lab42006/lb4pg6_files/image013.jpg

  38. Hyaline cartilage • Function: Supports, protects, provides framework • Location: Nose, ends of bones, rings in the walls of respiratory passages • General characteristics: Most common type; has very fine collagenous fivers in its matrix and looks somewhat like white glass

  39. Hyaline cartilage http://washington.uwc.edu/about/wayne.schaefer/TISSUES/hyaline_cartilage1.jpg http://www.chiropractic-help.com/images/Hyaline-cartilage-degenerate.jpg

  40. Elastic cartilage • Function: Supports, protects, provides flexible framework • Location: Framework of external ear and parts of larynx • General characteristics: Contains a dense network of elastic fibers; is more flexible than hyaline cartilage

  41. Elastic cartilage http://biology.clc.uc.edu/fankhauser/Labs/Anatomy_&_Physiology/A&P201/Connective_Tissues/Cartilage_Integument/Elastic_Cartilage_400x_PA112033lbd.JPG

  42. Fibrocartilage • Function: Supports, protects, absorbs shock • Location: Between bony parts of spinal column, parts of pelvic girdle and knee • General characteristics: Very tough tissue, contains many collagenous fibers

  43. Fibrocartilage http://medcell.med.yale.edu/histology/connective_tissue_lab/images/fibrocartilage.jpg

  44. Bone • Function: Supports, protects, provides framework • Location: Bones of skeleton • General characteristics: Most rigid connective tissue, made of bones cells or osteocytes

  45. Bone http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Illu_long_bone.jpg/250px-Illu_long_bone.jpg

  46. Blood • Function: Transports substances, helps maintain stable internal environment • Location: Throughout body within a closed system of blood vessels and heart chambers • General characteristics: Transports a variety of material between interior body cells and those that exchange substances with the external environment; has red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets (cell fragments)

  47. Blood http://0.tqn.com/d/hepatitis/1/0/e/0/-/-/I2Blood.jpg

  48. Skeletal muscle tissue (striated) • Function: Voluntary movements of skeletal parts • Location: Muscles usually attached to bones • General characteristics: Found in muscles that attach to bones and are controlled by conscious effort

  49. Skeletal muscle tissue (striated)

More Related