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Chapter 5 Notes

Chapter 5 Notes. Secession and Resistance AHSGE Social Studies Review. Vocabulary/ Terms/ People. Popular sovereignty- the people in each territory vote whether or not to permit slavery Neutrality- refusing to take sides in an issue of war Tariff- a tax on imported goods

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Chapter 5 Notes

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  1. Chapter 5 Notes Secession and Resistance AHSGE Social Studies Review

  2. Vocabulary/ Terms/ People Popular sovereignty- the people in each territory vote whether or not to permit slavery Neutrality- refusing to take sides in an issue of war Tariff- a tax on imported goods Secede- leave the Union Arsenal- a place for making or storing weapons and munitions

  3. Differences of the North & South • South • Agriculture • Plantation system relied on slavery • Few immigrants • Opposed high tariffs • Very little manufacturing • Did not want a strong central government- feared it would interfere with slavery

  4. Differences of the North & South • North • Economy based on manufacturing • Factories needed labor, but not slave labor • Heavy immigration population (worked in factories, built railroads, and settled the West) • Wanted high tariffs • Needed a strong central government

  5. Countdown to Secession • Missouri Compromise (1820)- • Admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state to continue the balance between slave and free states • Set the boundary line between slave and free states • Compromise of 1850- • California admitted as a free state and territories in Utah and New Mexico were open to slavery by popular sovereignty • Fugitive Slave Law- required escaped slaves be returned to their owners in the South

  6. Countdown to Secession • Kansas- Nebraska Act (1854)- • Permitted territories in Kansas and Nebraska to choose whether or not to permit slavery • Repealed the Missouri Compromise • Bleeding Kansas (1854)- • Term used to describe conflict in Kansas territory between anti-slavery factions and pro-slavery groups • Both sides suffered injuries and deaths

  7. Countdown to Secession • Republican Party (1854) • Made up of a coalition of Democrats, Whigs, and Free-Soilers • The party most noted for opposing the extension of slavery in the territories • Free-soilers- a party believing slavery must not be permitted in any new territory

  8. Countdown to Secession • Charles Sumner (1856)- • Senator from Massachusetts who denounced violence in Kansas and criticized Senator Andrew Butler of South Carolina • Was beaten with a cane until unconscious by Senator Andrew’s nephew who was a member of the House of Representatives • Dred Scott Decision (1857)- • Sued for his freedom after his owner died. The Supreme Court ruled he could not sue because slaves were not citizens

  9. Countdown to Secession • Freeport Doctrine (1858)- • Stated in a debate by Stephen Douglas when he was running against Abraham Lincoln for the Senate seat in Illinois • If a territory had no slave laws, it could not have slaves • John Brown (1859)- • Anti-slave agitator who seized an arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia • He was hoping to lead a slave revolt

  10. Countdown to Secession • 1860 • Democratic Party split along sectional lines over the issue of slavery • Northern Democrats supported slavery in new territories as determined by popular sovereignty • Southern Democrats wanted federal protection of slavery in the territories • South Carolina threatened to secede if Lincoln won the presidential election of 1860

  11. Countdown to Secession • December 1860 • South Carolina declared its secession from the United States • By February 1861, six other states followed them: • Alabama • Georgia • Florida • Louisiana • Texas • Federal forts were seized within their borders

  12. Countdown to Secession • February 4-18, 1861 • Delegates from the seceding states met in Montgomery, Alabama • They drafted a constitution based on the US Constitution, but more emphasis on state rights • Slaves could be held as property, but slave trade with Africa was prohibited • Jefferson Davis selected as President of the Confederate States of America • Montgomery declared the capital of the CSA

  13. Efforts to Restore the Union • Senator John Crittenden- tried to restore the Union by proposing a new compromise: • Restore the Missouri Compromise border line and apply it to all present and future territories • Amend the Constitution to guarantee the right to own slaves in states in the south of that line • Former President John Tyler- presided over a special convention in Washington to promote a compromise

  14. Efforts to Restore the Union • President James Buchanan- • Tried to prevent the Civil War by inaction (doing nothing) • Blamed abolitionists and the North’s unrelenting agitation against the South for the state of the nation • Allowed Confederate forces to occupy federal forts, arsenals, and navy yards • Did not recognize the Confederacy as a new nation

  15. Efforts to Restore the Union • Abraham Lincoln- • Won the presidency based on a platform of forbidding the extension of slavery into the new territories, but not interfering with slavery where it already existed • Assured the nation that slavery would be safe in the South • Notified the governor of South Carolina that he wanted to send only food to federal soldiers at Ft. Sumter • Confederate soldiers opened fire on the fort before the relief ships arrived

  16. Battle Lines • Fort Sumter- shots fired here began the Civil War • Border states who stayed with the Union • Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland • Border states who joined the Confederacy • Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas, and Tennessee • The capital of the Confederacy was moved to Richmond, Virginia

  17. Resistance to Secession • Winston County, Alabama- voted to remain neutral during the Civil War • Western counties of Virginia- opposed Virginia’s secession and became a state in 1863

  18. Military Strategy- North • Goal: compel the Southern states to rejoin the Union • To accomplish the goal, the Union needed to: • Invade the South • Destroy the South’s ability to wage war • Lower morale of the South so they would no longer fight • Anaconda Plan- squeeze the South by applying naval blockades around the southern coast and seizing the Mississippi River while invading from the North

  19. Military Strategy- South • Goal: force the Union to recognize the rights of southern states to secede • To accomplish the goal, the Confederacy needed to: • Prolong the war until the North tired of fighting and asked for peace • Convince European nations to support the South in its goals

  20. Military Strategies- South • Advantages of the Confederacy over the Union: • The South would fight a defensive war • The South had better educated and more competent generals than the North • Bull Run- • first battle after the attack on Ft. Sumter • showed both sides that the war would not be over quickly, but would be a long and hard war

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