1 / 24

Étapes …

Toxico-dynamique. Exposition. Toxico-cinétique. Étapes …. Mécanismes de cytotoxicité. Génotoxicité. Cycle cellulaire/. Stress oxydant. Prolifération. Epigénétique. Signalisation Cellulaire. Apoptose / Nécrose. Métabolisation. Santé mitochondriale. Atteintes à la membrane.

amos-mcleod
Download Presentation

Étapes …

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Toxico-dynamique Exposition Toxico-cinétique Étapes …

  2. Mécanismes de cytotoxicité Génotoxicité Cycle cellulaire/ Stress oxydant Prolifération Epigénétique Signalisation Cellulaire Apoptose / Nécrose Métabolisation Santé mitochondriale Atteintes à la membrane Cytosquelettes

  3. Étude de la Génotoxicité

  4. Test de Mutagenèse : Test Ames (1) • Developed by Bruce Ames and his colleagues in the 1970s. • Tests the mutagenicity of different compounds • Is used by FDA to test many chemical rapidly and inexpensively • Uses special bacteria that are very sensitive to many mutagenic agents

  5. Characteristics of mutants strains of S.typhimurium used for Ames Test • cannot synthesize histidine. • are very susceptible to additional mutations because they lack the normal repair mechanisms found in bacteria. • more permeable than wild-type bacteria to external chemicals, including potential mutagens.

  6. Different mutant strains of S.typhimurium with different mutations in their DNA • TA 1535 has a base substitution that produces a missense mutation in the gene coding for the first enzyme of histidine synthesis. The mutant enzyme has a proline where a leucine is in the wild-type enzyme. • TA 100 is very similar to 1535, but is also supposed to detect a different range of mutagens. • TA 1537 has a frameshift mutation (deletion of one nucleotide) in a different gene than is mutated in 1535. • TA 1538 has a different frameshift mutation (insertion of one nucleotide) in the same gene that is mutated in TA 1537. • TA 98 is similar to 1538 but is supposed to detect more mutagens than 1538 does. • TA 102 is significantly different from the others. It has an ochre mutation which means that it has a nonsense mutation. This mutation occurs in the same gene as is mutated in the strain TA 1535.

  7. Test de Mutagenèse : Test Ames (2)

  8. Mise en évidence de la fragmentation de l’ADN sur gel d’agarose

  9. Induction de micro-noyaux Substance génotoxique ADN • Fragments chromosomiques ou isolement de chromosomes entiers • Migration anormale pendant la mitose • Pas d’incorporation dans les noyaux des cellules filles • Condensation + Membrane Micronoyaux Visualisation par coloration spécifique et appréciation de leur taux comparé au taux de base

  10. Induction de micro-noyaux

  11. Induction de micro-noyaux

  12. Induction de micro-noyaux

  13. Vit E prévient la production de micronoyaux • Prévention partielle quelle que soit la concentration en Zen

  14. Test d’Aberrations Chromosomiques Fusions centriques Cassures

  15. Anneaux Lacunes (Gap)

  16. Induction d’aberrations chromosomiques Mutation Research, 365, 139-149. (2005)

  17. Test de Comète (SCGE) Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (SCGE) : Technique d’électrophorèse qui permet la détection de cassures de l’ADN (différents types de dommages) sur des cellules individualisées

  18. Cellule individualisée La Comète Nucleide; ADN compact Nucleoid; ADN relaché  Préparartion des lames : Inclusion des cellules dans de l’agarose sur lames de microscope  Lyse:Triton X-100, 2.5 M NaCl  Déroulement de l’ADN : pH alcalin  Electrophorèse:pH> 13 • Les boucles d’ADN cassé migrent vers l’anode formant la queue de la comète Neutralisation  Coloration de l’ADN  Microscopie à Fluorescence Analyse (100 comètes) • % ADN dans la queue est liée à la fréquence des cassures

  19. Noyau non endommagé Noyau légèrement endommagé Noyau endommagé Noyau fortement endommagé

  20. Analayse d’image par ordinateur • Longueur • % ADN dans la queue(% ADN migrant) • Moment (ADN migrant x Longueur)

  21. Classe 1 Classe 0 Classe 2 Classe 3 Classe 4

  22. DNA damage (Arbitrary units score) W. Hassen & H. Bacha / 2ème Colloque Euro-Méditerranéen 13-16 Nov. 2006

More Related