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Understanding Autism: Facts, Developmental Markers, and Screenings

Dive into the world of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) with key insights from CDC, Autism Speaks, and AAP. Discover early signs, developmental milestones, and challenging behaviors. Learn about prevalence, diagnosis, and myths surrounding autism. Enhance your awareness and find valuable resources for support and guidance.

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Understanding Autism: Facts, Developmental Markers, and Screenings

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  1. Autism Developmental Awareness and Screenings Becky LaMont MSN, APN-CNP & L Kennell

  2. Links • CDC facts on Autism • CDC website • signs 1—see stimming behaviors, poor eye contact, repetitive movements. • Autism Key is operated by parents of children with autism spectrum disorders.

  3. Autism Spectrum Disorder Facts • Present at birth, with onset of symptoms before 36 months • Accurate diagnosis possible at 18-24 months • Parents first voice concerns around 18 months, but diagnosis is typically not until 3 years or older

  4. ASD Facts: Epidemiology • ASD more prevalent in pediatric population than: • Cancer, Diabetes and Downs Syndrome • Male to female ratio: 4 to 1 • Diagnostic rate increase 1:20 then 1:4 • Genes are one of the risk factors that can make a person more likely to develop ASD CDC 2018, AAP, Autism Speaks 2007

  5. Statistics keep changing • To current CDC stats of 1 in 59 • 1 in 37 boys and 1 in 151 girls--2018 • To current Easter Seals stats of 1 in 68 (2016)

  6. What is Autism? • Neurodevelopmental disorder with a spectrum of clinical conditions • 3 areas of dysfunction: • Social interaction/social relatedness difficulty • Communication impairment • Restrictive/repetitive behaviors and interests

  7. The Spectrum

  8. Typical DevelopmentJoint Attention • 2 mo. Shared smiles • 9 mo. Follows a point • 12 mo. Point to request Language soon follows joint attention, No joint attention, no need to share language.

  9. Typical DevelopmentSocial Interaction • 4 mo. Interest in faces, smiles shared • 9 mo. Orients to name • 12 mo. Uses gesture to get needs met • 15 mo. Check expressions, check this! • 18 mo. Pretend play, attracts attention • 24 mo. Enjoys playing by others, gives toys

  10. Typical DevelopmentPlay Behavior • 4-12 mo Sensor motor • 12+ Functional Play • 16mo Symbolic Play • 30+ Imaginative Play

  11. Language Delay:Absolute indications for immediate evaluation 9 months: No babbling 12 months: No pointing or other gestures 16 months: No single words 24 months: No functional 2-word phrases (echolalia-child repeats verbal information stated by others, repetition of an utterance) Any loss of language or social skills

  12. ASD Basics Summary • Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a broad spectrum of behavioral manifestations. • Early awareness and intervention are key. • It’s OK to discuss concerns.

  13. Challenging Behaviors • Stimming: Repetitive, Stereotyped, and Sometimes Self-Injurious Behaviors • Restricted Interests: Obsessions, "Special Topics", and Attention Deficits • Insistence on Sameness • Sensory Issues: Seeking and Avoiding • Mood Instability and Meltdowns • Activities of Daily Living

  14. Myths- • “Refrigerator Mothers”—putting causation of autism on mothers. Now less evidence on this theory (Weintraub, 2011). • Others? • Too much sugar • Lack of discipline

  15. Stir the pot • Conflict of interest?— • Research from the AAP

  16. Final thoughts • Autism speaks resource—assisting with speech

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