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Associations between Advisor Personality and Client Quit Rates in Stop Smoking Services

Associations between Advisor Personality and Client Quit Rates in Stop Smoking Services. Heather Gainforth 1 ; Sarita Aujla 1 , Emma Beard 1 , Emma Croghan 2 , Robert West 1 1 University College London 2 North51. Conflict of Interest. Heather Gainforth None to declare Sarita Aujla

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Associations between Advisor Personality and Client Quit Rates in Stop Smoking Services

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  1. Associations between Advisor Personality and Client Quit Rates in Stop Smoking Services Heather Gainforth1; Sarita Aujla1, Emma Beard1, Emma Croghan2, Robert West1 1University College London 2North51

  2. Conflict of Interest Heather Gainforth • None to declare SaritaAujla • None to declare Emma Beard • Unrestricted research funding from Pfizer Emma Croghan • Employed by North51 Robert West • Travel funds and hospitality from, and undertaken research and consultancy for, pharmaceutical companies that and manufacture and/or research products aimed at helping smokers to stop

  3. English Stop Smoking Services (SSS) (NICE, PH10, 2008; Department of Health, Smoking Kills:, 1998, West, NCSCT Briefing, 2012) • 1999: NHS establishes the first national network of Stop Smoking Services (SSS) • Services offer: • Free evidence-based behavioral and pharmacological support to those motivated to quit • Six weekly group or one-to-one meetings • Trained practitioners • 600,000 sought treatment • 4x more likely quit using the SSS than unaided

  4. Variation in SSS Success Rates (Date range: 2010-2011; NHS Information Service, 2011) Four-week CO-validated quit rates range: 3 – 57%.

  5. Advisor Personality • Advisor personality may be one factor that explains this variation • Personality: ‘a consistent and enduring way of thinking, feeling and behaving that characterises an individual’ • Measured using the FFM Model: • Openness-to-experience • Conscientiousness • Extraversion • Agreeableness • Neuroticism (Carver & Scheier, Perspectives on Personality, 2000)

  6. Advisor Personality & Smoking Cessation • Relationship not examined to date • Other domains: • Agreeableness • Neurotocism • Conscientousness • Extraversion • Openness-to-experience (Lafferty et al., J Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 1989; Martlett, ProQuest, 2008; Miller et al., J Consulting & Clinical Psychology,1980; Najavits et al., Psychotherapy, 1994; Valle et al., J Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 1981)

  7. Purpose Determine if stop smoking advisors’ self-assessed personality scores were associated with clients’ four-week CO-verified quit status.

  8. Design and Procedure • Data were collected from: Clients n = 1,958 treatment episodes 54% female Mage = 42.12 years ± 15.86 Advisors n = 19 79% female Mage = 48.86 ± 10.33years

  9. Measures • Confounding factors • Client Characteristics • Age (years) • Sex (male/female) • Ethnicity (White/non-White) • Medication use (yes/no) • Social grade (low/medium/high) • Practitioner Characteristics • Age (years) • Sex (male/female) • Experience as a stop smoking practitioner (years)

  10. Measures • Predictor Variable: SSS Advisor Personality • Measured using the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) • Completed by advisors (self-assessed) • Outcome Variable: Client Quit Status • CO-validated quit status at 4 weeks • Clients that did not attend the 4-week follow-up were assumed to still be smoking (Gosling, Rentfrow, & Swann Jr, J Research in Personality, 2003)

  11. Analysis • Personality scores calculated for each of the FFM personality dimensions for each advisor • i.e. openness-to-experience, conscientiousness, agreeableness, extraversion, neuroticism • Multi-level random intercept model with a random effect for the advisors to account for clustering • R version 2.3.1 and the glmer() function in the lme4 package • Confounding variable: practitioner and client characteristics • Predictor variable: advisor personality • Outcome variable: client CO-verified four-week quit status

  12. Results (Note: ***p<0.001; **p<0.01; *p<0.05)

  13. Results (Note: ***p<0.001; **p<0.01; *p<0.05)

  14. Discussion • Stop smoking advisor extraversion was positively associated with clients’ being abstinent from smoking at four weeks. • A low introversion score (i.e. reserved, quiet) is associated with client abstinence from smoking at four weeks.

  15. Implications for Smoking Cessation • Adviser training • Train introverted practitioners to overcome their quiet and reserved manner • Replication and further research needed • Mechanism by which the extraversion dimension affects the advisor-client interaction: • Confidence when engaging with client? • Application of evidence-based behaviour change techniques?

  16. Limitations • TIPI is only brief measure of personality • Only included data from 19 practitioners who provided one-to-one support in two English SSSs • Clients who did not attend the four-week follow-up were still assumed to be smoking

  17. THANK YOU Questions? heathergainforth@gmail.com @hgainforth Funding:

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