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Special Relativity

Special Relativity. Amanda Dorsey Faranak Islam Jose Guevara Patrick Conlin. Outline. Creation of special relativity Why it was created Two postulates Predictions Length contraction Time dilation Impact Then Now In the future. Special Relativity Introduction.

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Special Relativity

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  1. Special Relativity Amanda Dorsey Faranak Islam Jose Guevara Patrick Conlin

  2. Outline • Creation of special relativity • Why it was created • Two postulates • Predictions • Length contraction • Time dilation • Impact • Then • Now • In the future

  3. Special Relativity Introduction • In 1905 Albert Einstein wrote “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies” • Special relativity is a theory that describes space and time based on inertial frames of reference – frames of reference in which all the laws of physics are followed

  4. Why was the theory of special relativity created? • Galilean transformations x’=x-vt y’=y z’=z t’=t • Maxwell’s equations did not work with the transformations • Einstein set out to create a consistent theory for electrodynamics

  5. Postulates/Restrictions • There is no preferred frame • The laws of physics are the same in all inertial frames • The constancy of the speed of light • The speed of light is a universal constant • Restrictions • Linear motion • Constant velocity • Negligible gravitation

  6. Lorentz Transformations • Describe how measurements of space and time for two observers are related. x’=(x-vt) y’=y z’=z t’= • All predictions relate a stationary frame to a moving frame using the lorentz factor ()

  7. Predictions Properties: • Relativity of simultaneity Phenomena: • Length contraction • Time dilation

  8. Relativity of Simultaneity • Two simultaneous events in one frame may not be simultaneous in another frame

  9. Length Contraction • As velocities near the speed of light, an object will appear shorter to an observer in an inertial frame Ex: A spaceship traveling near the speed of light 10% speed of light 86.5% speed of light

  10. Time Dilation • Clocks in a moving frame of reference tick slower than clocks in a stationary frame. Ex) Airplanes flying around the Earth • Traveling east, the clock would run slower relative to a stationary clock on the earth • Traveling west, the clocks would run faster relative to a stationary clock on the earth

  11. Theoretical Extension • Relativistic mass • As an object’s velocity nears the speed of light, it gains mass. • As energy is added to the particles (ex: by heating), the box gains mass

  12. What is the impact of the theory of special relativity? • Present applications • GPS satellites • Space travel • Necessary for the study of high energy physics and other fields (ex. Cosmology) • In the future • Time travel forward through time • More advanced space travel

  13. Conclusion • General relativity was then created 10 years later and included everything- nonlinear motion, acceleration, gravitation, etc. • Special relativity is now a worldwide accepted theory used of describing the world • Succeeded in creating a consistent theory for electrodynamics • Changed the definition of time and space

  14. Thank you! References • “Special relativity”.Dictionary.com Unabridged. Retrieved October 08, 2013 from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/special relativity • H. Lorentz, A. Einstein, H. Minkowsky. “The Principle of Relativity,” Methuen, London, 35 (1923) . • Albert Einstein Photo. Funny Pun Punology. Retrieved November 25, 2013 from http://www.funny-joke-pictures.com/2013/03/funny-pun-punology-caption-pictures.html#ixzz2liUvsWCS • Koks, Don. “What is relativistic mass?”. Retrieved November 25, 2013 from http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Relativity/SR/mass.html • Thornton, Stephen; Rex, Andrew. “Special Theory of Relativity”. Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers: 4th edition.:2013. • “Relativistic Length Contraction”. The Physics classroom: 2013. Retrieved November 29, 2013 from http://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/specrel/lc.cfm

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