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DNA Fingerprinting Simulation

DNA Fingerprinting Simulation. Step 1: Pour restriction enzymes into DNA. What happens. The restriction enzymes act like scissors that cut the DNA into smaller fragments Because each person has a unique DNA sequence, his or her DNA is cut in a unique pattern

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DNA Fingerprinting Simulation

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  1. DNA Fingerprinting Simulation • Step 1: Pour restriction enzymes into DNA

  2. What happens • The restriction enzymes act like scissors that cut the DNA into smaller fragments • Because each person has a unique DNA sequence, his or her DNA is cut in a unique pattern • The lengths of the fragments will vary from person to person

  3. Step 2: Pour agarose gel into tray on lab counter

  4. What happens • Agarose gel has a web-like molecular structure similar to that of Jell-O • The agarose gel separates the DNA fragments based on size because larger fragments have a harder time moving through the “web” and move more slowly than smaller fragments

  5. Step 3: Pour DNA into tray

  6. What Happens? • The DNA is added to depressions, or holes, in the agarose gel http://ocw.mit.edu/NR/rdonlyres/Biological-Engineering/20-109Fall-2007/381532A7-44EE-4E62-9F57-83DEA4D0EFBA/0/mod1_2_photo.jpg http://ocw.mit.edu/NR/rdonlyres/Biological-Engineering/20-109Fall-2007/51DB7724-07DA-45ED-A3CE-7C06AA5C1963/0/mod1_2_agaro_gel.jpg

  7. Step 4: Turn on switch to begin electrophoresis

  8. What happens? • The electric current causes the DNA molecules to begin moving • DNA fragments have a slight negative charge, so they move toward the positive end of the gel/tray. • By the end of electrophoresis the fragments will be separated according to their lengths.

  9. http://ocw.mit.edu/NR/rdonlyres/Biological-Engineering/20-109Fall-2007/381532A7-44EE-4E62-9F57-83DEA4D0EFBA/0/mod1_2_photo.jpghttp://ocw.mit.edu/NR/rdonlyres/Biological-Engineering/20-109Fall-2007/381532A7-44EE-4E62-9F57-83DEA4D0EFBA/0/mod1_2_photo.jpg

  10. Step 5: Place nylon membrane on top of the gel

  11. What happens? • The agarose gel is very thin and difficult to move around, so a nylon membrane is placed on top of it • The nylon membrane “blots” up the DNA (kind of like a paper towel)

  12. Step 6: Add probes to nylon membrane

  13. What happens? • The radioactive probes attach themselves to DNA fragments that have stuck to the nylon membrane • Any excess (non-stuck) probes are washed away

  14. Step 7: Place x-ray film on top of nylon membrane

  15. What happens? • The radioactivity from the probes exposes the x-ray film in any places where the probes have attached • You can visualize the locations where the probes have stuck to the nylon membrane

  16. Step 8: Develop film by dragging it to the developer

  17. What happens? • The film is developed and shows the locations on the nylon membrane where the probes attached themselves to DNA fragments.

  18. The results Carmela Honey Candy

  19. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.learningscience.org/thumbnail_pix/life_science/tn_SP32-20070309-094704.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.learningscience.org/lsc3bmolecular.htm&usg=__gipPlmki9zWgaWo1zdDYf7YhhsI=&h=70&w=100&sz=5&hl=en&start=19&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=VkxWH-Y6bVKKOM:&tbnh=57&tbnw=82&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddna%2Bfingerprinting%2Bculprit%2Bpbs%26start%3D18%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26ndsp%3D18%26tbs%3Disch:1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.learningscience.org/thumbnail_pix/life_science/tn_SP32-20070309-094704.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.learningscience.org/lsc3bmolecular.htm&usg=__gipPlmki9zWgaWo1zdDYf7YhhsI=&h=70&w=100&sz=5&hl=en&start=19&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=VkxWH-Y6bVKKOM:&tbnh=57&tbnw=82&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddna%2Bfingerprinting%2Bculprit%2Bpbs%26start%3D18%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26ndsp%3D18%26tbs%3Disch:1

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