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The Rise of Totalitarianism: Fascism and Communism in the 20th Century

This analysis explores the emergence of totalitarian regimes in the 20th century, focusing on the contrasting ideologies of fascism and communism. It highlights the impact of economic turmoil following World War I, particularly in Germany, where hyperinflation led to widespread discontent. Figures like Lenin and Stalin are examined, alongside their methods of maintaining power through propaganda, state control of the economy, and purges. The role of disillusionment in society, combined with the quest for strong leadership, set the stage for these authoritarian movements.

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The Rise of Totalitarianism: Fascism and Communism in the 20th Century

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  1. Totalitarian Autocracy Command Economy Collective Farm Kulak Propaganda Bolshevik Lenin Great Purge Stalin’s attempt to get rid of anyone who opposed him 1 sided info Wealthy peasant Communist 1st leader of USSR 1 person w/total control 1 large farm that is controlled by gov/state Dictatorship Gov run economy GR # 18: Fascism

  2. Germany • B/c Ger had to pay for the cost of WW1 (Treaty of Versailles) it printed more money • This caused major inflation (value of money decreases) • 1918: loaf of bread = 1 mark • 1922: loaf of bread = 160 marks • 1923: loaf of bread = 200 billion marks • The mark became worthless, ppl couldn’t afford to buy anything!

  3. Great Depression! • 1929: US economy crashes! • This triggers many events that will lead to a global depression – severe economic downturn! • Ppl, businesses & banks who had invested in stock mkt lost all their $ • Ppl lost jobs, land/homes/farms, by 1993, ¼ of Americans were unemployed! • PPL = angry, broke, looking for answers – look to….

  4. Fascism • A militant political movement • Focus on loyalty to the state (country) and leader • Support nationalism • Peaceful countries are weak and can be conquered • Loyal to an authoritarian leader • Denied individual rights • What type of govt does this sound like?

  5. How is it different from Communism? • Believed in having different classes • Fascist gov’s had wealthy & poor unlike communism were everyone should be ---- • Fascists were nationalists • Communists wanted to spread their beliefs, fascists wanted to take over world!

  6. Why would people like fascism? *Fascism & communism appeal to ppl who feel powerless & who want a strong leader to take control

  7. What is fascism?

  8. B.How did the following demonstrate the spirit of the times? Jazz Flappers & feminists C.How did the following change ways of life? Automobiles Airplanes Radio Movies GR #19: Ch 15, S1disillusionment • How did the following challenge deeply rooted ideas & traditions: • Theory of Relativity • Freudian psychology • Existentialism • Dada movement • Surrealism

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