Diseases and Medical Conditions ABC Book

1. Diseases and Medical Conditions ABC Book By: Ryan Lee Rm. 16

2. Pronunciation Guide Alzheimer's: alts-hi-merz Bronchitis: bran-ki-tes Cerebral Palsy: se-re-brel pol-ze Diabetes: di-e-be-tez Epilepsy: e-pas-lep-se Fibromyalgia: fi-bro-mi-al-jea Glaucoma: glau-ko-ma Hemophilia: he-me-fi-le-a Impetigo: im-pe-te-go Jaundice: jon-das Keratitis: ker-a-ti-tes Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease: leg-kal-va-par-thez Multiple Sclerosis: mal-ta-pal skla-ro-sas Narcolepsy: nar-ka-lep-se Onychomycosis: on-y-chom-y-ko-ses Parkinson’s Disease: par-kan-sanz diz-eez Query Fever: kwi-e-re fe-var Raynaud’s Disease: ra-noz diz-eez Scoliosis: sko-le-o-ses Thrombophlebitis: throm-bo-fli-bit-es Ulcerative Colitis: al-se-rat-iv ko-lit-es Vitiligo: vit-al-i-go West Nile Virus: west nil vi-ras Xanthoma: zan-tho-ma Yellow Fever: yel-o fe-var Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome: zal-ing-er-el-i-san sin-drom

3. A Alzheimer’s Disease A is for Alzheimer’s disease, the most common cause of Dementia, the loss of brain and public abilities severe enough to interfere with daily functioning. It’s when healthy brain tissue collapses causing a steady decline in memory and mental abilities. About 5% of people between ages of 65 and 74 have this disease, while nearly half the people over the age of 85 have Alzheimer’s. Although there is cure, treatments may improve quality of life for people with Alzheimer’s disease.

4. B Bronchitis B is for Bronchitis, an irritation of lining of the lining of your bronchial tube, which carry air to and from lungs. Bronchitis is either acute or chronic. A common condition, acute Bronchitis often develops from cold or other respiratory infections. Chronic Bronchitis, a more serious condition, is a constant irritation or swelling of bronchial tubes, often due to smoking. Acute Bronchitis improves within a few days, although you may cough for weeks but Chronic Bronchitis requires medical condition.

5. C Cerebral Palsy C is for Cerebral Palsy, a disorder of movement, muscle tone or posture caused by injury or abnormal development in the immature brain, most often before birth. Signs and Symptoms appear during infancy or preschool. In general, Cerebral Palsy causes impaired movement asscossiated with exaggerated reflexes and rigidity of limbs and trunk, abnormal posture, involuntary movements, unsteadiness of walking, or some combination of these. People with this disease often have other conditions related to the development of brain abnormalities, such as intellectual disabilities.

6. D Diabetes D is for Diabetes, also known as "diabetes mellitus" refers to a group of diseases that affect how your body uses blood glucose, commonly called blood sugar. Glucose is essential to your health because it's the main source of energy for the cells that make up your muscles and tissues. It's your body's main source of fuel. If you have Diabetes, no matter what type, it means you have too much glucose in your blood, although the reasons may vary. Too much glucose can lead to serious health problems. Chronic Diabetes conditions include type 1 Diabetes and type 2 Diabetes. Possible reversible Diabetes conditions include prediabetes — when your blood sugar levels are higher than normal, but not high enough to be classified as Diabetes — and gestational Diabetes, which occurs during pregnancy.

7. E Epilepsy E is for Epilepsy, a disorder that results from the age group of electrical signals inside the brain, causing frequent seizures. Seizure symptoms differ. Some people with Epilepsy simply stare blankly for a few seconds during a seizure, while others have developed convulsions. However, an individual seizure doesn't mean you have this medical condition. At least two unprovoked spasms are required for an epilepsy diagnosis. Even mild tremors may require treatment, because they can be dangerous during activities such as driving or swimming. Treatments which generally include medications and sometimes surgery usually reduces or extinguishes the frequency and intensity of seizures. Many children with epilepsy even outgrow the condition with age.

8. F Fibromyalgia F is for Fibromyalgia, a condition where you hurt all over, and frequently feel exhausted. Even after numerous tests, your doctor can't find anything particularly wrong with you. Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition distinguished by widespread pain in your muscles, ligaments and tendons, as well as weariness in multiple tender points — places on your body where slight pressure causes pain. The risk of Fibromyalgia increases with age. Fibromyalgia symptoms often begin after a physical or emotional trauma, but in many cases there appears to be no initiating event.

9. G Glaucoma G is for Glaucoma, not only a one eye disease, but a group of eye conditions resulting in optic nerve damage, which causes loss of vision. Unusually high pressure inside your eye (intraocular pressure) normally, but not always, causes this damage. Glaucoma is the second primary cause of blindness. Sometimes called “the silent thief of sight,” glaucoma can damage your vision so steadily you may not notice any loss of vision until the disease is at an advanced stage. The most common type of glaucoma (primary open-angle glaucoma) has no visible signs or symptoms except gradual vision loss.

10. H H is for Hemophilia a disorder of your blood-clotting system. Clotting is the process by which your blood changes from a liquid to a solid state in order to stop bleeding. There are several types of Hemophilia. All types can cause delayed bleeding. If you have Hemophilia and you have a cut, you'll bleed for a longer time than you would if your blood clotted normally. Small cuts usually aren't much of a problem. The greater health concern is deep internal bleeding and bleeding into joints. Hemophilia is a lifelong disease. Hemophilia

11. I I is for Impetigo, a highly contagious skin infection that mainly affects infants and children. Impetigo usually appears as red sores on the face, especially around a child's nose and mouth. Although it commonly occurs when bacteria enter the skin through cuts or insect bites, it can also develop in skin that's perfectly healthy. Impetigo is rarely serious, and usually clears on its own in two to three weeks. But because impetigo can sometimes lead to problems, your child's doctor may choose to treat impetigo with an antibiotic ointment or oral antibiotics. Impetigo

12. J J is for Jaundice, a yellow discoloration in a newborn baby's skin and eyes. The condition occurs because the baby's blood contains an excess of bilirubin (bil-ih-ROO-bin), a yellow-colored pigment of red blood cells. Infant jaundice is a common condition, particularly in babies born before 36 weeks of development. Infant jaundice usually occurs because a baby's liver isn't mature enough to get rid of bilirubin in the bloodstream. In some cases, an underlying disease may cause Jaundice. Treatment of infant Jaundice often isn't necessary, and most cases that need treatment respond well to instrument therapy. Although complications are rare, severe infant Jaundice or poorly treated Jaundice can cause brain damage. Jaundice

13. K Keratitis K is for Keratitis, an irritation of the cornea — the clear, dome-shaped tissue on the front of your eye that covers the pupil and iris. Keratitis may or may not involve an infection. Noninfectious Keratitis can be caused by a relatively minor injury, such as a fingernail scratch, or from wearing your contact lenses too long. Infectious Keratitis can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. With punctual attention, mild to moderate cases of Keratitis can usually be effectively treated without loss of vision. If left untreated, or if an infection is severe, Keratitis can lead to serious difficulties that may permanently damage your vision.

14. L L is for Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, a childhood condition associated with an scarce amount of blood supply to part of the hip joint. Without adequate blood flow, a process can occur in which the bone becomes unstable, and may break easily and heal poorly. Legg-Calve-Perthes disease typically affects one hip, but sometimes it develops in both hips. Although Legg-Calve-Perthes disease can affect children of nearly any age, it's most common among boys ages 2 to 12.Children who develop Legg-Calve-Perthes disease when they're very young often have the best outcomes. The younger your child, the more time there is to reshape the affected hipbone. Legg-Calve-Perthes disease

15. M M is for Multiple sclerosis (MS), a potentially weakening disease in which your body's immune system eats away at the protective cover that covers your nerves. This interferes with the communication between your brain and the rest of your body. Ultimately, this may result in corrosion of the nerves themselves, a process that's not reversible. Symptoms vary widely, depending on the amount of damage and which particular nerves are affected. People with severe cases of Multiple sclerosis may lose the ability to walk or speak. Multiple sclerosis can be difficult to diagnose early in the course of the disease, because symptoms often come and go — sometimes disappearing for months. Although Multiple sclerosis can occur at any age, it most often begins in people between the ages of 20 and 40. Women are more likely to develop multiple sclerosis than are men. Multiple Sclerosis

16. N N is for Narcolepsy, a chronic sleep disorder characterized by overwhelming daytime drowsiness and sudden attacks of sleep. People with Narcolepsy often find it difficult to stay awake for long periods of time, regardless of the circumstances. Narcolepsy can cause serious disruptions in your daily routine. Contrary to what some people believe, Narcolepsy isn't related to depression, seizure disorders, fainting, simple lack of sleep or other conditions that may cause abnormal sleep patterns. Narcolepsy is a chronic condition for which there's no cure. Narcolepsy

17. O Onychomycosis O Is for Onychomycosis An infection of nail fungus that occurs when fungi infect one or more of your nails. A nail fungal infection may begin as a white or yellow spot under the tip of your fingernail or toenail. As the nail fungus spreads deeper into your nail, it may cause your nail to discolor, thicken and develop crumbling edges — an unsightly and potentially painful problem. An infection with nail fungus may be difficult to treat, and infections may reappear. But medications are available to help clear up nail fungus.

18. P P is for Parkinson's disease, a progressive disorder of the nervous system that affects movement. It develops gradually, often starting with a barely noticeable tremor in just one hand. But while tremor may be the most well-known sign of Parkinson's disease, the disorder also commonly causes a slowing or freezing of movement. Friends and family may notice that your face shows little or no expression and your arms don't swing when you walk. Speech often becomes soft and mumbling. Parkinson's symptoms tend to worsen as the disease progresses. While there is no cure for Parkinson's disease, many different types of medicines can treat its symptoms. In some cases, your doctor may suggest surgery. Parkinson's disease

19. Q Q is for Query fever, a disease which is caused by a specific type of bacteria carried by animals, most commonly sheep, goats and cattle. When you inhale barnyard dust particles contaminated by infected animals, you may become infected. Most people with Q fever have no initial symptoms, but some experience flu-like symptoms or develop pneumonia or hepatitis. This acute form of Q fever can lead to chronic Q fever, which is a serious disease that can last three to four years, can affect your heart, liver, brain and lungs, and is often fatal. Acute Q fever usually clears up within a few weeks with no treatment. If you have symptoms, your doctor will likely prescribe antibiotics. Chronic Q fever requires specific antibiotic treatment, multiple follow-up tests and possibly surgery. Query fever

20. R R is for Raynaud's disease, a condition that causes some areas of your body — such as your fingers, toes, tip of your nose and your ears — to feel numb and cool in response to cold temperatures or stress. In Raynaud's disease, smaller arteries that supply blood to your skin narrow, limiting blood circulation to affected areas. It's also more common in people who live in colder climates. Treatment of Raynaud's disease depends on its severity and the presence of associated conditions. For most people, Raynaud's disease is more a nuisance than a disability. Raynaud’s disease

21. S Scoliosis S is for Scoliosis, a sideways curve of the spine that occurs most often during the growth spurt just before puberty. While Scoliosis can be caused by conditions such as cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy, the cause of most Scoliosis is unknown. Most cases of Scoliosis are mild, but severe Scoliosis can be disabling. An especially severe spinal curve can reduce the amount of space within the chest, making it difficult for the lungs to function properly. Children who have mild Scoliosis are monitored closely, usually with X-rays, to see if the curve is getting worse. In many cases, no treatment is necessary. Some children will need to wear a brace to stop the curve from worsening. Others may need surgery to straighten severe cases of scoliosis.

22. T T is for Thrombophlebitis, a condition that occurs when a blood clot causes swelling in one or more of your veins, typically in your legs. On rare occasions, Thrombophlebitis (often shortened to "phlebitis") can affect veins in your arms or neck. The affected vein may be near the surface of your skin, causing superficial Thrombophlebitis, or deep within a muscle, causing deep vein thrombosis (DVT). A clot in a deep vein increases your risk of serious health problems, including a removed clot (embolism) traveling to your lungs and blocking a pulmonary artery (pulmonary embolism). Thrombophlebitis can be caused by prolonged inactivity, such as from sitting for a long time in an airplane or automobile or from lengthy bed rest after surgery. Thrombophlebitis

23. U U is for Ulcerative Colitis, an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes chronic inflammation of the digestive tract, is characterized by intestinal pain and diarrhea. Like Crohn's disease, another common IBD, Ulcerative Colitis can be unbearable and sometimes can lead to life-threatening complications. Ulcerative Colitis usually affects only the innermost lining of your large intestine (colon) and rectum. It occurs only through continuous stretches of your colon, unlike Crohn's disease, which occurs in patches anywhere in the digestive tract and often spreads deep into the layers of affected tissues. Ulcerative Colitis

24. V V is for Vitiligo, a condition in which your skin loses melanin, the pigment that determines the color of your skin, hair and eyes. Vitiligo occurs when the cells that produce melanin die or no longer form melanin, causing slowly enlarging white patches of irregular shapes to appear on your skin. Vitiligo affects all races, but may be more noticeable and disfiguring in people with darker skin. Vitiligo usually starts as small areas of pigment loss that spread with time. These changes in your skin can result in stress and worries about your appearance. Vitiligo

25. W W is for West Nile Virus, an infection transmitted by mosquitoes. If you become infected with West Nile virus, you may not experience any signs or symptoms or you may experience only minor ones, such as fever and mild headache. However, some people who become infected with West Nile virus develop a life-threatening illness that includes inflammation of the brain. Mild signs and symptoms of a West Nile Virus infection generally go away on their own. But severe signs and symptoms — such as a severe headache, confusion or sudden weakness — require immediate attention. Exposure to mosquitoes where West Nile Virus exists increases your risk of getting West Nile virus. West Nile Virus

26. X X is for Xanthoma, a disease in which fatty deposits under the skin cause yellow bumps. Xanthomas are common, particularly among older adults and people with high blood lipids. Xanthomas vary in size. Some are very small, while others are bigger than 3 inches in diameter. They may appear anywhere on the body, but are most often seen on the elbows, joints, tendons, knees, hands, feet, or buttocks. They may be a sign of a medical condition that involves an increase in blood lipids. Such conditions include: Certain cancers and diabetes. Xanthoma

27. Y Yellow Fever Y is for Yellow Fever a hemorrhagic fever caused by a virus spread by a particular species of mosquito. It's most common in areas of Africa and South America, affecting travelers to and residents of those areas. In mild cases, Yellow Fever causes fever, headache, nausea and vomiting. But Yellow Fever can become more serious, causing bleeding (hemorrhaging), heart, liver and kidney problems. Up to 50 percent of people with the more severe form of yellow fever die of the disease.

28. Z Z is for Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome a complex condition in which one or more tumors form in your pancreas, the upper part of your small intestine (duodenum) or the lymph nodes adjacent to your pancreas. These tumors, called gastronomes, secrete large amounts of the hormone gastrin, which causes your stomach to produce too much acid. The excess acid, in turn, leads to peptic ulcers. Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome, also called ZES, is rare. Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

29. Bibliography Mayo Clinic. Retrieved November 2010 from http://www.mayoclinic.com/ Medicine Plus. Retrieved January 2011 from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/medlineplus.html