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Electricity

Electricity. Charge, Current & Voltage. Atoms…. Have neutrons , protons , and electrons . Protons are positively (+) charged Electrons are negatively (-) charged Neutrons have no charge. Charge. Charge is a property of an object, like mass or color or shape.

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Electricity

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  1. Electricity Charge, Current & Voltage

  2. Atoms… • Have neutrons, protons, and electrons. • Protons are positively(+) charged • Electrons are negatively(-) charged • Neutrons have no charge

  3. Charge • Charge is a property of an object, like mass or color or shape. • The unit for charge is the Coulomb (C). The symbol for charge is Q.

  4. The world is filled with electrical charges: + - + + + - + - - + + + - - - + + - - -

  5. Opposites Attract • Positive charges, such as protons, are attracted to negative charges, such as electrons (opposites attract) • Like charges repel (positive charges repel other positive charges, and negative charges repel other negative charges)

  6. Current • Current - the flow of charge through an area in a given time. • The symbol for current is I and the unit is Ampere (A). • I = Q/t (current = charge/time)

  7. Conductors vs. Insulators • Conductors – material through which electric current flows easily. • Insulators – materials through which electric current cannot move.

  8. Conductors: Metal Water Insulators: Styrofoam Rubber Plastic Paper Examples

  9. What is Voltage? • The measure of energy given to the charge flowing in a circuit. • The greater the voltage, the greater the force or “pressure”that drives the charge through the circuit.

  10. Potential Difference = Voltage • Potential Difference measures stored electrical energy. • A battery stores electrical and chemical energy. • We define the positive side of the battery to have a positive voltage and the negative side to have 0 voltage. For a 6 Volt battery, the voltage at the positive end is +6 V and at the negative end it is 0 V.

  11. Volts vs. Amps • Example: If electricity was water… • Amps measure how much water comes out of a hose. • Volts measure how hard the water comes out of a hose.

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