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Prezentaciis Tema:

samkurnalo kveba. samkurnalo kvebis didi mniSvnelobis miuxedavad, mas Cvens samedicino ganaTlebis sistemaSi ar uTmoben saTanado yuradrebas. Eeqimma ki, ganurCevlad specialobisa, unda icodes Tu ra gavlenas axdens sakvebis Semadgeneli igredienti, calkeuli produqti da racioni paTologiuri procesis mim

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Prezentaciis Tema:

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    1. prezentaciis Tema: Nnutriciologiis Tanamedrove tendenciebi da samedicino praqtika eqimi Terapevti varlam kvantaliani

    2. samkurnalo kveba samkurnalo kvebis didi mniSvnelobis miuxedavad, mas Cvens samedicino ganaTlebis sistemaSi ar uTmoben saTanado yuradrebas. Eeqimma ki, ganurCevlad specialobisa, unda icodes Tu ra gavlenas axdens sakvebis Semadgeneli igredienti, calkeuli produqti da racioni paTologiuri procesis mimdinareobaze. amonaridi g. abduSeliSvili, g. dvali – s wignidan ,,samkurnalo kveba”

    3. nutriciologia aris mecniereba adamianTa kvebisa da sakvebi nivTierebebis _ nutrientebis Sesaxeb. is gamoyenebiTi disciplinaa da eyrdnoba Tanamedrove samecniero fiziologiur da bioqimiur codnas, adamianTa optimaluri janmrTelobis xelSewyobis mizniT.

    4. nutriciologiis Semadgeneli nawilebi 1.0 prevenciuli nutriciologia (jansaRi kveba) 2.0 klinikuri nutriciologia (samkurnalo kveba) 3.0 nutriciologiuri kontroli (usafrTxo kveba)

    5. janmos 2004 wlis monacemebiT janmrTelobas gansazRvravs cxovrebis individualuri wesi _ 50% (aqedan jansaRi kveba _ 80%) memkvidreobiToba _ 20% garemo pirobebi _ 20% jandacvis organizacia _ 10%

    6. zogierTi kvebaze damokidebuli daavadebis gavrceleba dedamiwaze (janmos yovelwliuri monacemebi _ 2000w.) Canasaxis ganviTarebis darRveva _ 30 mln/w cilovan-energetikuli deficiti _ 150 mln. SemTxveva 5w-de bavSvebSi vitamin ,,A” ukmarisoba _ 2,8 mln. SemTxveva 5w-de bavSvebSi iododeficituri darRvevebi _ 750 mln. SemTxveva rkinadeficituri anemia _ 1 miliardi SemTxveva upiratesad qalebSi da bavSvebSi Warbi wona (50% qalebi, 30% kacebi, 12% mozardebi) _ 30.4%; simsuqne (300 mln zrdasruli da 17.6 mln mozardi) _ 5,2%, sul mTeli mosaxleobis 35.6% kvebaze damokidebuli simsivneebi _ 10.3 mln/w (30-40%% -is prevencia SesaZlebelia dietiT) xandazmulTa kvebiTi darRvevebi _ 540 mln. SemTxveva osteoporozi _ barZayisa da xerxemlis 2 mln. motexilobis SemTxveva 1 welSi (80% qalebi)

    7. jansaRi kveba (prevencia) 1.0 energeticuli Rirebuleba (standartuli) 2700 kilokaloria 2.0 energetikuli Rirebuleba: cila 12-18 %; cximi 30-40 %; naxSirwylebi 45-55 % 2.1 cxoveluri cila 50-60 %, mcenareuli – 40-50 % 2.2 mcenareuli cximi (zeTi) 35-45 %, cxoveluri 55-65 % 2.3 naxSirwylebi: martivi Saqrebi 20 %; saxamebili 75 %; ujredisi da heptinebi 5 % 2.4 mTavari mineralebis Tanafardoba: kalci-fosfori 1:1.75; kalci-magniumi 1:0.6 3.0 raodenobrivi Rirebuleba: cila 90g; cximi 80g; naxSirwylebi 400-450g. Tanafardoba cila, cximi, naxSirwyali 1:1:4, maRali fizikuri aqtiurobisas 1:1:5

    8.

    9. jansaRi kveba ZiriTadi rCevebi swori (jansaRi) kvebisaTvis ikvebeT balansirebulad. miirTviT mravalferovani sursaTi, amasTan upiratesoba mianiWeT mcenareuli warmoSobis sursaTs cxovelurTan SedarebiT. miiReT mravalferovani bostneuli da xili, sul mcire 400 gramis odenobiT dReSi, umjobesia axali da adgilobrivi warmoebis. Tavi SeikaveT Cais miRebisagan maSin, roca miirTmevT rkiniT mdidar sursaTs (bostneuli, parkosnebi da sxv.), vinaidan Cai xels uSlis rkinis SeTvisebas. akontroleT cximebis miReba. SeamcireT cximiani sursaTis moxmareba da upiratesoba mianiWeT mcenareul cximebs (zeTebs), cxovelurTan SedarebiT. miirTviT naklebcximiani rZe da rZis produqtebi marilis dabali SemcvelobiT. dReSi ramodenimejer miirTviT puri, marcvlovani produqtebi, makaronis nawarmi, brinji. SecvaleT Tqvens meniuSi - cximiani xorci da xorcis nawarmi ucximo xorciT, TevziT, Sinauri frinvelis xorciT an lobioTi da sxva parkosnebiT. maqsimalurad SeamcireT alkoholuri sasmelebis miReba, DdReSi alkoholis 20 g-mde SezRudviT. SeinarCuneT Tqveni sxeulis wona rekomendebul sazRvrebSi (mozrdilebisaTvis sxeulis masis indeqsi – 18.5-25, da welis garSemoweriloba 80 sm-ze naklebi qalebisaTvis da 94 sm-ze naklebi mamakacebisaTvis) yoveldRiuri zomieri fizikuri aqtivobis gziT (aranakleb 30 wT uwyveti seirnobiT dReSi, regularulad) airCieT sursaTi, romelic Seicavs naklebi raodenobiT marils. Nnu daamatebT momzadebul kerZs marils. SezRudeT misi miReba 5 gramamde dReSi (kerZSi da sursaTSi arsebuli marilis CaTv liT). MmoixmareT mxolod iodirebuli marili. SearCieT sursaTi, romelic Seicavs naklebi raodenobiT Saqars, naklebad miiReT rafinirebuli Saqari da tkbileuli, SecvaleT tkbili sasmelebi keTilxarisxovani wyliT. moamzadeT kerZebi higienuri wesebis dacviT. SeinaxeT sursaTi usafrTxo pirobebSi. maqsimalurad SeuwyeT xeli mxolod (eqskluziur) ZuZuTi kvebas 6 Tvis asakamde da Semdeg 2 wlis asakamde damatebiT kvebas ZuZuTi kvebasTan erTad.

    10. evroprevis janmrTeli dietis piramida

    11. rekomendebuli ulufebis raodenoba sursaTis ZiriTadi jgufebis mixedviT

    12. zogierTi kvebaze damokidebuli daavadebis gavrceleba dedamiwaze (janmos yovelwliuri monacemebi _ 2000w.) Canasaxis ganviTarebis darRveva _ 30 mln/w cilovan-energetikuli deficiti _ 150 mln. SemTxveva 5w-de bavSvebSi vitamin ,,A” ukmarisoba _ 2,8 mln. SemTxveva 5w-de bavSvebSi iododeficituri darRvevebi _ 750 mln. SemTxveva rkinadeficituri anemia _ 1 miliardi SemTxveva upiratesad qalebSi da bavSvebSi Warbi wona (50% qalebi, 30% kacebi, 12% mozardebi) _ 30.4%; simsuqne (300 mln zrdasruli da 17.6 mln mozardi) _ 5,2%, sul mTeli mosaxleobis 35.6% kvebaze damokidebuli simsivneebi _ 10.3 mln/w (30-40% -is prevencia SesaZlebelia dietiT) xandazmulTa kvebiTi darRvevebi _ 540 mln. SemTxveva osteoporozi _ barZayisa da xerxemlis 2 mln. motexilobis SemTxveva 1 welSi (80% qalebi)

    13. janmos 2003 wlis teqnikuri moxseneba 916 ,,racioni, kveba da qronikuli daavadebebis prevencia” (???????????? dadasturebuli riskebi) ??????????? ????? 1. ???????? ???????? (?????????? ???????) ?????????? ????? ????????, ?/ ???? (?????????, ???????, ????? ???????; ??????? ????????, ????????????????; ????????????, ?????????) ???????? (????? ???, ????, ?????, ?????????, ??????, ??????? ????????) 3. ???????????, ??????????? (??????) 4. ???????????? ????? (?????–????)

    14. janmos 2003 wlis teqnikuri moxseneba 916 ,,racioni, kveba da qronikuli daavadebebis prevencia” (???????????? ???????? dadasturebuli riskebi) ??????????? ????? ???????? ???????? (??????? ????????) 2. ????, ????????? (????? ???, ?????????, ????, ????, ????? ?/?? ?????????? ???????) ?????????? ????? ?????????????? ????? (????? ???????, ?????????? ???????) ?????????/???????? ????????, ?????? (????, 12–???? ???????) 3. ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????????? (????? ???, ?????????, ????)

    15. janmos 2003 wlis teqnikuri moxseneba 916 ,,racioni, kveba da qronikuli daavadebebis prevencia” (???????????? ????????? riskebi) ??????????? ????? ????????, ????, ????? ?–3 ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? B2 B6 B12 C D E ???????? ????? ??????????????? Ca Zn Se ????????? ?????????? ?????? (???????????, ?????????) ?????????? ????? ????????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????????? ????????? ???????

    16. samkurnalo kveba - dietTerapia Seesatyviseba sakveb nivTierebebze avadmyofi organizmis moTxovnilebebs iTvaliswinebs paTologiuri cvliTi procesebis Taviseburebebs da calkeuli funqciuri sistemebis mdgomareobebs ZiriTadi amocanebia: avadmyofi organizmis darRveul fermentul sistemebsa da sakvebis qimiur struqturas Soris Sesabamisobis aRdgena: Pproduqtebisa da racionis qimiuri Semadgenlobis SerCeviT Oorganizmis metabolur TaviseburebebTan teqnologiuri da kulinaruli damuSavebis wesebis misadagebiT

    17. samkurnalo kveba 1. vegetarianuli kveba _ veganti – mkacrad mcenareuli _ laqtoveganti – plius rZis produqti _ laqtovoveganti – plius kvercxi 2. balansirebuli kveba 3. makrobiotikuri kveba _ mxolod marcvlovan kulturebze gadasvla 4. adeqvaturi kveba _ qimiuri da molekuluri Semadgenlobis gaTvaliswineba _ energetikuri da plastikuri `gaxarjvebis~ ugulvelyofa ZiriTadi cvlis, simaRlisa da Sromis intensivobis jgufis gaTvaliswinebiT 5. danawevrebul-Sejerebuli kveba

    18. samkurnalo kveba (dietologia) 1. situaciuri kveba 2. balansirebuli kveba 3. adeqvaturi kveba 4. aratradiciuli, alternatiuli kveba (danawevrebuli - d. jarvisi, ,,gamwmendi dietebi” – k. eboti, vegetarianuli, winaparTa, mononutrientuli, E,,eTno- da klimatadaptirebuli kveba da mTavari kvebiTi faqtoris – makrobiotikuri, ,,yalbi wamlis”, adeqvaturi srul-saxeobrivi _ Satalovis, niSis, ioguri, aiurveduri, ,,fadizmis”, SimSilobisa da sxva koncefciebi) 5. danawevrebul-Sejerebuli kveba (herbert Seltoni) 6. gaazrebuli racionaluri kveba

    19. Bbalansirebuli kvebis koncefcia Nnutrientebis qimiur struqturasTan da kvebis racionSi maT raodenobriv proporciasTan organizmis fermentuli sistemis Sesatyvisobis wesi (gansxvavebulia yvela biologiuri saxeobisaTvis, individualuria Sidasaxeobriv populaciaSi) Kkanoni gansazRvravs: calkeuli nutrientis woniT proporciebs, gamoxatavs mTlianad cvlis reaqciebs sakvebis asimilaciisa da disimilaciis yvela etapze – monelebis, Sewovis, transportirebis, ujreduli da subujreduli kvebis da gamodevnis procesebSi yuradReba maxvildeba Seucvlel komponentebze _ esenciuri faqtorebi: Seucvleli aminomJavebi, vitaminebi, mikro da makroelementebi, zogierTi ujeri cximovani mJavebi

    20. samkurnalo dietebi sabaziso dieturi kveba (magida #15) saWmlis momnelebeli sistema (magida ##1;2;3;4;5) Saqriani diabeti da sxvadasxva endokrinologiuri dietebi (sabaziso magida #9 an #8) Sardis gamomyofi sistema (magida #7;14) nivTierebaTa cvlis moSla (magida #6;8;14) gul-sisxlZarRvTa sistema (magida #10) anemiebi (magida #15 gaZlierebuli specifikuri mikroelementebiT da vitaminebiT) dezintoqsikaciuri `gamwmendi~ dietebi; sxva simptomuri dietebi (magida #4;6;11;12;13) individualuri, kombinirebuli dietebi

    21. samkurnalo dietebis daniSvnis 6 principi 1. misi energetikuli Rirebuleba Seesabamebodes organizmis energoxarjebs. 2. uzrunvelyos organizmis moTxovnileba sakveb produqtze maTi balansirebis gaTvaliswinebiT. 3. iwvevdes kuWis optimalur Sevsebas, rac aucilebelia msubuqi maZRrobis SegrZnebis misaRwevad. 4. unda akmayofilebdes avadmyofis gemovnebas, ra Tqma unda dietiT daSvebul farglebSi, sakvebis Seguebisa da menius mravalferovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT. erTferovani sakvebi swrafad bezrdebaT, is xels uwyobs isedac daqveiTebuli madis Semcirebas, momnelebeli organoebis moqmedebis arasakmarisi agzneba ki aferxebs sakvebis monelebas. 5. daculi unda iyos sakvebis kulinaruli damuSavebis siswore, sawyisi produqtebis Sedgenilobis da maRalsagemovno TvisebaTa SenarCunebiT. 6. ar unda dairRves regularuli kvebis principi.

    22. kosmetikuri dieturi kveba 1. Sejerebulia samkurnalo da jansaRi kvebis principebi; 2. SeirCeva individualurad; 3. gamoiyeneba dabalenergetikuli, specifikurad balansirebuli (cximovan -cilovani; mxolod cilovani; ujredisiT mdidari cilovan-naxSirwylovani), kontrastuli dieta _ ,,plius da minus zigzagis”, Sesabamisi `gantvirTvebisa~ da `sadResaswaulo~ dReebis CarTviT.

    23. xandazmulTa kveba qolesteriniT mdidari sakvebi produqtebis (xorceuli, cxoveluri cximebi) Semcireba da racionSi xil-bostneulis wilis gazrda, sufris marilis Semcireba. mcenareuli da Tevzis cximebis maqsimalurad gazrda (fosforisa da vitamin ,,E”-s bunebrivad mdidari wyaro). rZis produqtebis racionaluri gamoyeneba. vitaminebiTa da mikroelementebiT mdidari produqtebis SerCeva da naxSirwylebis 270-340gg-de Semcireba. mizanSewonilia saxamebliTa da ujredisiT mdidari produqtebi kuW-nawlavis traqtis normaluri motoruli funqciis SesanarCuneblad. ar aris saWiro mkacri SezRudvebi, magram aucilebelia menius Sedgenisas gaTvaliswinebuli iqnas racionaluri kvebis rekomendaciebi.

    24. orsulTa kveba    ??????????? ???? ???? ???????? ???-?????? ???????????? 300 ????-?? ???? (?? ???????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?? ??? 18 ????? ??????? ????????, ????? 500 ????-?? ????).  ???????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????, ???????, ????????????, ??????????, ??????????, ???????? ?? ????.     ????????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ?????????????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????, ????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????????, ??? ????????? ????. ????????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????, ??????? ?????????????, ??????????????, ???????, ????????, ????????????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ???????. ??????? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ???????.

    25. balansirebuli dieturi kveba magidebis mixedviT

    26. Oorganizmis energetikuli balansi Eenergia esaWiroeba cocxal organizms uwyvetad mimdinare Jangva-aRdgeniTi reaqciebisa da Sesabamisad sasicocxlo procesebis (Tboregulacia, moZraoba, reaqcia, komunikacia da a.S) warmarTvis uzrunvelyofisaTvis, rasac is kvebis Sedegad aregulirebs sakvebis gansazRvrul raodenobaze moTxovnileba gamoixateba siTbos erTeuliT – kaloriiT. SI sistemaSi _ jouliT (j). 1 kkal = 4.184 kj sakvebis kaloriuloba energiis is raodenobaa, romelic saWiroa 1 litri (didi kaloria) wylis 1 gradusiT gasaTbobad 1g cila wvisas gamoyofs 17.57 kj (4.2 kkal) siTbos, 1g cximi wvisas gamoyofs 35.15 kj (8.4 kkal) siTbos, 1g naxSirwyali ki _ 17.15 kj (4.1 kkal) siTbos.

    27. Oorganizmis energetikuli balansi Aasimilacia _ plastikuri cvla, sinTezi Ddisimilacia _ energetikuli cvla, lizisi Eenergetikuli balansi _ sinTez -lizisis tipis gardaqmnebis erToblioba Eenergetikuli cvla xorcieldeba 3 etapad: mosamzadebeli, uJangbado - anaerobuli da Jangbadiani _ aerobuli.

    28. Oorganizmis energetikuli balansi Mmosamzadebeli etapi _ rTuli molekulebis gamartiveba (cila _ aminomJavebamde, cximi _ glicerinad da cximovan mJavebad, naxSirwylebi _ glukozamde, nukleinis mJavebi _ nukleotidebamde). Aam etapze gamonTavisuflebuli energia umniSvneloa

    29. Oorganizmis energetikuli balansi uJangbado (anaerobuli) etapi _ mimdinareobs citoplazmaSi _ gamartivebuli nivTierebebi uJangbado areSi mraval Tanmimdevruli fermentuli reaqciebis meSveobiT agrZeleben daSlas. Mmag: glukoza iSleba 2 molekula rZis mJavad C6H12O6 = 2 C3 H6 O3 + 1 atf Aam etapze miRebuli energia Seadgens 1 molekula atf-s

    30. Oorganizmis energetikuli balansi Jangbadiani (aerobuli) etapi _ mimdinareobs mitoqondriebis Txemebis fermentul zedapirze _ 2 molekula rZis mJava Tanmimdevruli fermentuli reaqciebis meSveobiT asrulebs daSlas saboloo produqtebamde 2 C3H6O3 + 6 O2 = 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 atf Aam etapze miRebuli energia mniSvnelovania da Seadgens 36 atf -is molekulas.

    31. lizis-sinTezis meqanizmi ujredSida disimilaciis bolo etapze 1910 w tunbergi _ oTxi 4-naxSirbadiani, dikarboqsiluri mJavis: qarvis(-2H) = erbos(-H2O)=vaSlis(-2H)= mJaunZmarmJavis roli uJredSida metabolizmSi 1936w martiusi _ 6-naxSirbadiani, trikarboqsiluri limonmJavas roli uJredSida metabolizmSi 1937w krebsi _ daadgina rogor SeiZleba oTxi 4-naxSirbadiani, dikarboqsiluri mJavisagan sinTezirdes 1 6-naxSirbadiani, trikarboqsiluri limonis mJava.

    32. krebsis cikli sinonimebi: trikarboqsiluri mJavebis, an limonmJavas cikli. Ddadginda: ujredSi disimilaciis bolo faza wonasworobaSia mniSvnelovani Sualeduri metabolitebis sinTezTan ciklSi moqmedebs cilebis, cximebisa da naxSirwylebis arasruli daSlis produqtebs Soris urTierT-masinTezirebeli, rTuli bioqimiuri reaqciebi, romlebic iZlevian saSualebas calkeuli komponentiT ,,Seqmnili deficitis’ Sevseba moxdes ujredSive, urTierTSorisi gardaqmnis gziT ciklis dros gamonTavisuflebuli energia mniSvnelovania ujredSida metabolizmis sinTezis procesebisaTvis

    33. krebsis cikli (limonmJavas cikli)

    34. atf-s balansi krebsis ciklSi

    35. krebsis ciklis bioqimiuri balansi

    36. krebsis ciklis jamuri reaqcia krebsis 1 cikli _ 1 molekula ZmarmJavas daJangva CH3 – COOH + 2O2 2CO2 + 2H2O + 215 kkal. warmoiqmneba 12 molekula atf, romelzedac ixarjeba 12*7.3=88 kkal. mqk _ 40% yvela ciklSi ZmarmJava ki ara, aramed dikarbonuli radikali iJangeba, romelic mJaunZmarmJavas SemadgenlobaSia qarvis mJava CH2 – COOH CH2 - COOH CH2 – COOH C(OH) – COOH acetil - KoA + (CH2 – COOH) mJaunZmarmJava CO2 + H2O ciklis amoqmedebisaTvis erTi mxriv saWiroa mJaunZmarmJava, xolo meore mxriv piroyurZnismJava, an acetil – KoA, an sulac ori molekula piroyurZnismJava.

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