1 / 35

Elementary Particle Physics Part 2 Detectors Manfred Jeitler WS 2008/2009

Elementary Particle Physics Part 2 Detectors Manfred Jeitler WS 2008/2009. various types of interaction of particles and matter. ionisation inelastic scattering on electrons elastic scattering on nuclei nuclear reactions Cherenkov radiation bremsstrahlung

alodie
Download Presentation

Elementary Particle Physics Part 2 Detectors Manfred Jeitler WS 2008/2009

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Elementary Particle PhysicsPart 2DetectorsManfred JeitlerWS 2008/2009

  2. various types of interactionof particles and matter • ionisation • inelastic scattering on electrons • elastic scattering on nuclei • nuclear reactions • Cherenkov radiation • bremsstrahlung • practically only for electrons and positrons • for photons: • photoelectric effect • Compton scattering • pair formation

  3. types of detectors • 1. photographic emulsions • 2. scintillators • 3. ionisation detectors • 3.1 gas detectors • 3.2 ionisation in liquids • 3.3 semiconductor detectors • 4. cloud and bubble chambers • 5. Cherenkov and transition radiation detectors

  4. the Bethe-Bloch equation

  5. scintillators: • simple • fast • still used today scintillator light guides

  6. particle entrance window high voltage RHV >> RA amplifier ground Geiger-Müller counter wire

  7. positron in cloud chamber

  8. bubble chamber: • one of the main types of detector between 1960 and 1975 • vessel with superheated liquid • beam particles react with molecules in liquid • ionization yields “seeds” where bubbles form • visible tracks are photographed

  9. decay of a “charmed” baryon (Σc++)

  10. multiwire proportional chamber

  11. drift chamber

  12. KLOE drift chamber

  13. time projection chamber

  14. heavy-ion collisions at RHIC: the STAR TPC

  15. the NA48 liquid-krypton calorimeter • measures decays of kaons into neutral particles: K0p0p04g • filled with 9 m3 of liquid krypton • part of trigger electronics built by HEPHY, Vienna

  16. the liquid-krypton calorimeter of the NA48 experiment (CERN) (electrode structure)

  17. + Vbias semiconductor detectors

  18. “barrel” of the CMS tracker

  19. Cherenkov radiation in a pool-type reactor

  20. shock wave behind supersonic plane (Prandtl-Glauert effect)

  21. principle of the Cherenkov effect

  22. Experiment NA48 at CERN (measurement of CP-violation): example of a fixed-target experiment

  23. muon ring anti hadron calorimeter ring anti DCH DCH magnet DCH DCH The detector of the NA48 experiment at CERN • muon detector and anti-counters for background suppression • electromagnetic liquid-krypton calorimeter for measuring p0p0-decays • hodoscope for exact timing • spectrometer (consisting of 4 drift chambers and a magnet) and hadron calorimeter for measuring p+p--decays

  24. Fixed-Target experiment NA48 at CERN: products of one decay in the various parts of the detector

  25. CMS

  26. the tracker the task: reconstructing particles and their movement in the detector Tracks of particles in a typical collider experiment of the future (CMS @ LHC)

  27. CMS muon detector endcap calorimeter endcap

  28. rapidity and pseudorapidity • rapidity r : • for a particle moving along the beam axis • rapidity is additive • differently from velocity • same number of events are expected for rapidity intervals of same size • pseudorapidity η • depends only on angle θ with beam axis • easier to calculate • η ~ r for relativistic particles

  29. superconducting solenoid Cherenkov detector calorimeter time-of-flight detector tracking chamber vertex detector muon chambers 3.5 GeV e+ 8 GeV e -

  30. what happens to the detectors’ data? • detecting the particles is only half the story • they have to be read out • today, too fast to “take notes by hand” • must be converted automatically to digital data • ADC = Analog-to-Digital Converter • TDC = Time-to-Digital Converter • Flash-ADC (histogram over time) • not all information can be read out (readout bandwidth, cost of storage) --> have to “trigger”

More Related