What is community development

1. What is community development Community Development is a process for mobilizing citizen participation in economic, social and political decision making and for ensuring sustainable development

2. What approaches to community development work?

3.  Integrated, holistic approach with a focus on establishing and strengthening the institutional infrastructure and local capacity to catalyze and support needs-based, sustainable and replicable community development These institutions include: Civil Society Support Centers NGOs, CBOs, Associations and Coalitions Business Support Organizations Local Government

4. Civil society support centers ensure a broad geographic outreach and ongoing services to NGOs and CBOs in skills relevant to mobilizing communities to solve their own problems in a sustainable way

5. Civil Society Support Center Services Include: Organizational development Training (and TOTs) Grant making Partnership facilitation Information clearinghouse Volunteer clearinghouse Consultations and technical assistance Community outreach and community mobilization

6. OD: Assessment Tool TTAP: Institutional self-assessment tool resulting in a training and technical assistance plan

7. TTAP Financial Sustainability Funding Sources Fundraising Financial Management Governance Mission/Objectives Governing Body Process of Decision Making Human Resources Staff Membership Volunteers Management Personnel Management Technical Resource Management MIS Products and Services Customers Feedback Product Promotion Interaction with Environment Community Relations Business Relations Media Relations NGO Relations

8. Training: Modules NGO and Community NGO Management Project Design Strategic Planning Financial Management Public Education through the Media Fundraising Association Development Advocacy Financial Sustainability Human Resource Management Team Building/Conflict Management Social Partnership Governance Constituency Development NGO Newsletter Development

9. Grant Making NGO Support Grants Partnership Grants Corporate Challenge Grants Government Challenge Grants Community Action Grants

10. Partnership Development: Purposes Knowledge and skills transfer Problem solving to meet community needs Resource mobilization to meet community needs Enhanced efficiency and competitiveness Improved service delivery Reform of public policy Sustainable development

11. Partnership Development: Guidelines Shared mission Mutual respect, trust and investment Clear written statement of expectations (MOU) Projection of measurable results Cultural sensitivity Periodic review of expectations, roles and responsibilities Clearly defined and agreed upon fiscal accountability Frequent communication Willingness to modify expectations, roles and responsibilities to address lessons learned

12. Partnership Development:Criteria for Partner Selection Clear mission Practical and achievable goals Defined organizational structure & demonstrated/potential leadership skills Need for services being provided Demonstrated commitment and initiative in servicing the target population Legitimacy Demonstrated fiscal integrity Registered with the government Good relations with other NGOs in the community Engaged membership

13. Memorandum of Understanding Purpose of Agreement Partnership Mission Spirit of Partnership Partnership Objectives and Targets - including performance indicators, reports and modifications Grant Money - allowable costs, accountability and liability Responsibilities of Partners Fundraising Period of Agreement Termination Resolution of Disputes

14. Community Mobilization and Outreach Community Mobilization Problem identification and conflict management Participatory community assessment Participatory community action planning Participatory project design, management & evaluation Outreach Social partnership Volunteerism Constituency development Fundraising Public outreach through the media Advocacy & government relations Association development

15. Lessons Learned Community Development Framework: Community development is more a process than an end in itself Investing in the institutional infrastructure at the grassroots level ensures sustainable community development

16. Lessons Learned Capacity Building of NGOs and CBOs at the institutional Level: Sector-specific training and technical assistance to NGOs needs to complement broad generic training and technical assistance Partnership between local NGOs and third country or U.S. counterparts is effective for transfer of models & strategies and follow-on resource mobilization Association development is most effective when building capacity in management, cost recovery and service delivery Coalition building needs to be bottom-up

17. Lessons Learned Capacity Building at the community level: Participatory processes for community needs assessment, action planning, project design and evaluation at the community level ensure community ownership Social partnership is a means of ensuring that community development as a process is ongoing and sustainable Investment of community resources for community projects increases potential for successful implementation Maximum use of in-country, regional or third country technical and training resources is more cost effective and most often more effective Creating a cadre of local contract trainers from NGOs ensures institutionalization of the training function

18. Lessons Learned Grant making (NGO Support, Corporate Challenge Partnership, Community Action) needs to be reinforced by training & TA Collaboration with and leveraging of international NGO project resources prevents duplication and maximizes impact Advocacy is most effective when sector-specific Media is an effective vehicle for promoting social partnership A supportive legal framework is not a sine qua non for community development in the short-term Currently need multi-donor funding to implement a holistic approach to community development

19. �NGOs are in a unique position to provide a different route to community empowerment. However, for their message to be appealing, it must be directly linked to projects that address immediate community needs, such as income generation, clean water, health, education, and delivery of other social services. When NGOs address such immediate community needs, they will have the credibility to also work to raise the consciousness and level of local empowerment in the communities where they work. Without a focus on immediate community needs, it is unlikely that communities will have much interest in working with NGOs.� Lessons in Transition, Uzbekistan country report, USAID. 1999