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Parallelism. Chapter 6 – Grammar as Rhetoric and Style. Parallelism. Sentences or parts of a sentence are parallel when structures within them take the same form . Word Level Phrase Level Clause Level. Word Level. Ex. Why should we live with such hurry and waste of life?
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Parallelism Chapter 6 – Grammar as Rhetoric and Style
Parallelism • Sentences or parts of a sentence are parallel when structures within them take the same form. • Word Level • Phrase Level • Clause Level
Word Level • Ex. Why should we live with such hurry and waste of life? • Why should we live with such hurry and wasteof life? • Ex. In eternity there is indeed something true and sublime. • In eternity there is indeed something true and sublime.
Phrase Level • Ex. Men esteem truth remote, in the outskirts of the system, behind the farthest star, before Adam and after the last man. • Men esteem truth remote, in the outskirts of the system, behind the farthest star, before Adam and after the last man. • Ex. It has truly been said that never in history have so many educated people devoted so much attention to so few children. • It has truly been said that never in history have so many educated people devoted so much attention to so few children.
Phrase Level Continued • Ex. This is more difficult, because there is no zeitgeist to read, no template to follow, no mask to wear. • This is more difficult, because there is no zeitgeist to read, no template to follow, no mask to wear.
Clause Level • Ex. Where I Lived, and What I Lived For. • Where I Lived, and What I Lived For. • Ex. We perceive that only great and worthy things have any permanent and absolute existence, that petty fears and ptty pleasures are but the shadow of reality. • We perceive (that only great and worthy things have any permanent and absolute existence), (that petty fears and ptty pleasures are but the shadow of reality).
Clause Level Continued • Ex. If we are really dying, let us hear the rattle in our throats and feel the cold in our extremities; if we are alive, let us go about our business. • If we are really dying, let us hear the rattle in our throats and feel the cold in our extremities; if we are alive, let us go about our business.
Lack of Parallelism • Why should we live with such hurry and to waste life? • It has truly been said that never in history have a lot of people who are well educated devoted their attention to such a small number of children.
Rhetorical and Stylistic Strategy • To emphasize ideas, to contrast ideas, to connect ideas • Specific types: • Anaphora • Antithesis • Antimetabole • Zeugma
Practice • Exercise 1 p. 343 • Exercise 2 p. 343 • Exercise 4 p. 344-5 • Exercise 5 p. 345