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Chapter 19

Chapter 19. Part two. Managerial Accounting Basics. Management Functions. Management’s activities and responsibilities can be classified into the following three broad functions: Planning Directing Controlling. LO 2 Identify the 3 broad functions of management.

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Chapter 19

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  1. Chapter 19 Part two

  2. Managerial Accounting Basics Management Functions • Management’s activities and responsibilities can be classified into the following three broad functions: • Planning • Directing • Controlling LO 2 Identify the 3 broad functions of management.

  3. Management Functions Planning Look ahead and establish objectives such as – Maximize short-term profit Commit to environmental protection Key Objective: Add value to the business Value measured by trading price of stock and by potential selling price of the company LO 2 Identify the 3 broad functions of management.

  4. Management Functions Directing Coordinate diverse activities and human resources Implement planned objectives Provide incentives to motivate employees Hire and train employees including executives, managers, and supervisors Produce smooth-running operation LO 2 Identify the 3 broad functions of management.

  5. Management Functions Controlling Keep activities on track Determine whether goals are met Decide changes needed to get back on track May use an informal or formal system of evaluations Good decision making is the outcome of good judgment in planning, directing, and controlling. LO 2 Identify the 3 broad functions of management.

  6. Good Ethics – Good Business • Business Ethics • Business scandals caused massive investment losses and employee layoffs. • Corporate fraud has increased 13% in last 5 years. • Employee fraud – 60% of all fraud • Intentional misstatement of financial reports • Akafinancial reporting fraud • Most costly to companies

  7. Good Ethics – Good Business • Creating Proper Incentives • Systems to monitor and evaluate employees may produce incentives for unethical actions. • Employees may feel that they must succeed no matter what. • Ineffective and unrealistic controls may result in declining product quality.

  8. Good Ethics – Good Business Code of Ethical Standards • Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 • Clarifies management’s responsibilities. • Certifications by CEO and CFO - • fairness of financial statements and • adequacy of internal control • Selection criteria for Board of Directors and Audit Committee • Substantially increased penalties for misconduct • IMA Statement of Ethical Professional Practices

  9. Management Functions Review Question The management of an organization performs several broad functions. They are: a. Planning, directing, and selling. b. Directing, manufacturing, and controlling. c. Planning, manufacturing, and controlling. d. Planning, directing, and controlling. LO 2 Identify the 3 broad functions of management.

  10. Managerial Cost Concepts • Manufacturing Costs • Manufacturing consists of activities to convert raw materials into finished goods. • In contrast, a merchandising firm sells goods in the form in which they were bought. • Categories of manufacturing costs include: LO 3 – Define the three classes of manufacturing costs.

  11. Manufacturing Costs Materials Raw Materials Basic materials used in manufacturing Direct Materials Raw materials that can be physically and directly associated with the finished product LO 3 Define the three classes of manufacturing costs.

  12. Manufacturing Costs Materials • Indirect Materials • Raw materials that cannot be easily associated with the finished product • Not physically part of the finished product or they are an insignificant part of finished product in terms of cost • Considered part of manufacturing overhead LO 3 Define the three classes of manufacturing costs.

  13. Manufacturing Costs Labor Direct Labor Work of factory employees that can be physically and directly associated with converting raw materials into finished goods Indirect Labor Work of factory employees that has no physical association with the finished product or for which it is impractical to trace to the goods produced LO 3 Define the three classes of manufacturing costs.

  14. Manufacturing Costs • Manufacturing Overhead • Costs that are indirectly associated with manufacturing the product • Includes all manufacturing costs exceptdirect materials and direct labor LO 3 Define the three classes of manufacturing costs.

  15. Manufacturing Costs Review Question Which of the following is not an element of manufacturing overhead?: a. Sales manager’s salary. b. Plant manager’s salary. c. Factory repairman’s wages. d. Product inspector’s salary. LO 3 Define the three classes of manufacturing costs.

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