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MAGM 262

MAGM 262. Hydraulic Fundamentals. Mr. Conrado. Hydraulics- fluid power for the masses Matthew R. Bono. Common Examples. Automobile Brakes. Hydraulic Fluid Pressurized by foot pedal and booster closes piston, slows rotor and wheel. Common Examples. Heavy Machinery. Videos.

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MAGM 262

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  1. MAGM 262 Hydraulic Fundamentals Mr. Conrado

  2. Hydraulics- fluid power for the massesMatthew R. Bono

  3. Common Examples • Automobile Brakes Hydraulic Fluid Pressurized by foot pedal and booster closes piston, slows rotor and wheel

  4. Common Examples • Heavy Machinery • Videos

  5. Hydraulic Fundamentals • Hydraulic systems are everywhere from: • Large excavation equipment • Steering in your car • Shocks • Power trains

  6. Hydraulic Fundamentals • Using liquids to transfer force • They conform to their container • Practically incompressible • Apply pressure in all directions • Flow in any direction through lines and hoses.

  7. Hydraulic Fundamentals • Liquids for all practical purposes are incompressible. • When a substance is compressed it takes up space. A liquid does not do this even under large pressures. • The space any substance occupies is called “displacement”.

  8. Hydraulic Fundamentals • Gases are compressible • When a gas is compressed it takes up less space and its displacement is less. For this reason liquids are best used for hydraulic systems.

  9. Hydraulic Fundamentals • Hydraulics doing work. • Pascal’s law – “ Pressure exerted on a confined liquid is transmitted undiminished in all directions and acts as a equal force on all equal areas.” • Thus a force exerted on any part of a confined liquid the liquid will transmit that force (pressure) in all directions within the system. • In this example a 500 pound force acting upon a piston with a 2 inch radius creates a pressure of 40 psi on the fluid. • Ex: For a 2” diameter piston • Area = ח(3.14) x radius squared. • A= 3.14 x (2”x 2”) • A= 3.14 x 4 • A= 12.56 • Pressure = Force ÷ Area • P = 500lbs ÷ 12.5 Sq. In. • P = 40 psi • This same liquid with a pressure of 40 psi acting on a piston with a 3 inch diameter can support 1130 pounds.

  10. Hydraulic Fundamentals • This same liquid with a pressure of 40 psi acting on a piston with a 3 inch diameter can support 1130 pounds. • Ex: For a 3” diameter piston • Area = ח(3.14) x radius squared. • A= 3.14 x (3”x 3”) • A= 3.14 x 9 • A= 28.26 • Force= Pressure x Area • F= 40 psi x 28.26 • F= 1130.4

  11. Hydraulic Fundamentals • Pascal’s Law • To understand how this works we must understand a very simple but fundamental formula. • To find one of the three areas two of the others must be known. • Force – The push or pull acting on a body usually expressed in pounds. • Pressure – The force of the fluid per unit area. Usually expressed in pounds per square inch or psi. • Area – A measure of surface space. Usually calculated in square inches. • To calculate the area of a circle use the formula Area = Pi (3.14) x radius squared. • Ex: For a 2” diameter piston A=3.14x(2”x2”) or A= 12.5 sq. in.

  12. Hydraulic Fundamentals • Pascal’s Law • With the knowledge of the surface area it is possible to determine how much system pressure will be required to lift a given weight. • The pressure needed for a 500 pound given weight is calculated with the formula • Pressure = Force ÷ Area • P = 500lbs ÷ 12.5 Sq. In. • P = 40 psi

  13. Hydraulic Fundamentals • Mechanical Advantage • Here we see and example of how a hydraulic system can create a mechanical advantage. • We can calculate the items in question by using the systems known items and Pascal’s law. • For system pressure we use P=F÷A • P= 50lps ÷ 1sq.in (cylinder #2) • P= 50psi • Now we know the system pressure we can calculate the load force for cylinders 1 & 3 and the piston area for 4. Do so on a separate piece of paper and wait for instructions.

  14. Hydraulic Fundamentals 50psi • Cylinder One • Solve for Force • F=P x A • F= 50psi x 5 in² • Cancel out square inches to leave pounds and multiply • F = 250lbs.

  15. Hydraulic Fundamentals • Cylinder One • Solve for Force • F=P x A • F= 50psi x 5 in² • F= 50 pounds/sq inch x 5 sq inches • Cancel out square inches to leave pounds and multiply • F= 50 lbs x 5 • F = 250lbs. 250 pounds

  16. Hydraulic Fundamentals • Cylinder Three • Solve for Force • F=P x A • F = 50psi x 3in² • Cancel out square inches to leave pounds and multiply • F = 150 pounds 150 pounds 50psi

  17. Hydraulic Fundamentals • Cylinder four • Solve for Area • A = F ÷ P • A = 100 pounds ÷ 50 psi • A= 100 pounds ÷ 50 pounds/ square inch • Cancel pounds to get in² and divide • A= 100 ÷ 50 square inches • A = 2.00 in² 2.0 in²

  18. Hydraulic Fundamentals 150 lbs 150 lbs 2 in² Cylinder One F=P x A F= 50psi x 5 in² F= 50 lbs/sq inch x 5 sq inches F= 50 lbs x 5 F = 250lbs. Cylinder Two P=F÷A P= 50 lbs÷ 1in² P= 50psi Cylinder Three F=P x A F = 50psi x 3in² F = 150 pounds Cylinder Four A = F ÷ P A = 100 pounds ÷ 50 psi A= 100 pounds ÷ 50 pounds/ square inch A= 100 ÷ 50 square inches A = 2.00 in²

  19. Parts of a Closed System Reservoir Filter Pump Valve Cylinder Lines

  20. How It Works • Motor Spins Pump • Pump Moves fluid • a. Out of reservoir • Through filter • Through Pump • c. Into valve • Valve directs fluid to ram • Pressurized side of ram moves • Fluid on other side of ram returns to reservoir

  21. What can change How to Power the System Elbow Grease- like a automotive jack Electric Motor Fueled Motors gasoline, diesel, aviation anything else System Design Flow Rates Pressures Location Point of Action

  22. How it worksHorsepower, Flow Rate and Pressure As motor power goes up the pump has more power to move fluid This can increase flow rate or pressure

  23. How it works Flow Rate Hydraulic systems rely on filling a given area with fluid The more fluid you pump into the area the faster the implement moves If your trying to float a rubber boat in a swimming pool what will do it faster a garden hose or a fire hose

  24. How it works Pressure Hydraulic systems like the jaws of life can create incredible amounts of force What shoots further, water from a hose spraying a cone or spraying a jet

  25. Advantages • Force Multiplier – • Automobile Brakes • Controllable- • variable speed and power • High power low weight- • Especially air powered • Very Mobile- • Harvesting Equipment • Possibilities- • Diesel Hydraulic Hybrid Delivery Trucks • Roller Coasters

  26. Force Multiplier – Automobile Brakes • The force of your foot can stop an entire car, with help from hydraulics

  27. Controllable- • Large harvesting equipment can do dozens of things at one time all with hydraulic power

  28. Controllable- Cotton Picker Header Each row of cotton goes through the picking zone Each spindle moves independently of the others while machine moves through field, blows lint into hopper and discards waste

  29. Very Mobile • The jaws of life in the last slide are used by hundreds of rescue outfits across the US and are readily carried everywhere they go

  30. Why does it Matter Hydraulic systems are in everything from aircraft to theater performances in Las Vegas. Someone had to design, build and maintain all these systems, why couldn’t it be you?

  31. Homework • Micrometer worsheet

  32. Lab • Bottle Jack Lab

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