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Explore the fundamentals of atomic structure, including protons, neutrons, electrons, isotopes, and the periodic table. Discover how changing protons and neutrons impacts elements and isotopes. Learn about ions, mass numbers, and isotopes classification. Unravel the mysteries of atomic composition in this educational guide.
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Periodic table 5 Isotopes pp 116-119
Review of Atomic Structure • Nucleus • Protons have a positive (+1) charge • Neutrons have no charge • Electrons • Electrons have a negative (-1) charge • Much smaller mass • Located outside the nucleus
Protons • When you change the number of protons, you change the element. • The atomic number (Z) is the whole number on the periodic table. • Hydrogen Z = 1 • Calcium Z = 20 • What is the atomic number of Silicon? • Oxygen? • How many protons does Magnesium have?
Electrons • A neutral atom has the same number of electrons as protons. • Z x (+1) + Z x (-1) = 0 • When an atom gains or looses electrons, it has a charge. It is called an ion. • The monatomic ion forms based on its valence. • They want the “easiest” way to have 8 in its outer shell. • The valence of Sodium (Na) is 1. What Ion will it form?
Neutrons • All atoms of the same element will have the same number of protons. (atomic number, Z) • Atoms of the same element may have a different number of neutrons. • If you change the number of neutrons, you change the: • massnumber of the element • The isotope of the element
Vocabulary • Mass Number – the number of protons plus the number of neutrons • Isotope – an atom that has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
