FBI Forensics Case Presentation

1. FBI Forensics Case Presentation By: Antonia Lin, David Kim, Reilly Flodin In Collaboration With: Eric Walker, Nhi Nguyen, Taylor Andrews

2. preface • “The scene at Dr. Doodle Donley’s Monarch University laboratory is a depressing one. Dr. Doodles Donley’s laboratory investigated bacterial and viral pathogens. Apparently Dr. Donley had recently been honored with the prestigious “Scientist of the Year” award and she was throwing a party to honor herself. The entire University was invited. At around 2 am, the night security guard was making his rounds, and he noticed a light on in Dr. Donley’s lab. The place was a mess…the remains of a “rockin” party was obvious, but Dr. Donley’s bruised and battered body was a surprise. The security guard called the Monarch University police at 2:05 am. The police determined that several vials were missing from the level 4 containment room and Dr. Donley was presumed to have been attacked by some sort of foulish play. Apparently Doodles was an expert in the field of microbiology. In other words, she studied virii and bacteria. So far it has been determined that several vials of Mycobacterium lepraeand HIV were missing.Luckily Dr. Donley’s injuries were not life threatening; however, she did seem to have a concussion and couldn’t identify the attacker(s).” ( VERBATIM FROM THE FBI REPORT)

3. task • The FBI and a special Monarch homeland security team have been called in to investigate. We are part of this team and it is our job to learn as much as we can about pathogens and forensic science techniques to figure out which pathogen was stolen, the possible plans for the pathogen, and bring to justice Dr. Donley’s attackers. We will conduct interviews, collect evidence and carry out labs, use the internet, and take notes from Dr./General Barium Sir! (Donley’s long lost cousin) to learn as much as we can in FBI Bootcamp.

4. Science – hair analysis • The last type is by extracting DNA from the root of the hair to use in DNA analysis. The root of the hair is also useful because by examining it scientists can determine if the hair fell out naturally, or was pulled out by force. • Hair analysis is very useful for cold cases because it can still be examined long after other samples, like blood or urine, have become unusable. Hair can also be used to link people to crime scenes. • While it does not prove they are guilty of the crime, it can prove that they were on the scene.

5. Science – hair analysis • Primary transfer is when someone loses a hair from their head, or wherever. This is common, since humans shed about 100 hairs per day. • There is also secondary transfer. This is when someone’s pet sheds some hair on them, and then the hair is transferred to the crime scene.

6. Science – hair analysis • Hair analysis is a relatively controversial field. The standards used for processing the hair, like cutting, washing and collecting it vary. • False positives for drug use can occur, especially if someone has been exposed to the drug second hand. • Hair dyes and hair care products may also affect the results. The competence of the examiner also effects how accurate the results are.

7. Science – lip prints/handprints • The study of lip prints is called Cheiloscopy. • After the idea for analyzing lip prints was introduced in the 19050’s, Japanese scientists began researching it. It became clear that each person has their own unique lip print, just as they have a unique fingerprint. • This is because the lip has elevations and depressions that pattern its surface. • In forensics, lip prints can be collected off a wide variety of surfaces, including: clothing, cups, glasses, cigarettes, windows and doors. Interestingly, lip prints must be collected from the diseased before they have been dead 24 hours or they will not be correct.

8. Science – lip prints/handprints • Lip prints are classified by several different types. -Type 1is vertical grooves in the lip. -Type 1’ is the same type of grooves as type one, but the grooves do not go the entire length of the lip.-Type 2 is branched grooves across the lip.-Type 3 is intersecting grooves. -Type 4 is reticular grooves. -Type 5 is other patterns that may occur across the lip.

9. Lip print types Types 1, 1’, 2, 3, 4, and 5.

10. Science – lip prints/handprints • Fingerprints are unique impressions left behind from someone touching something. These impressions have distinct patterns, and anyone can be identified through their fingerprints. Even identical twins with exactly the same DNA have different fingerprints. • Fingertips have microscopic pores that secrete oils and sweat that leave a residue anywhere that the fingers touch.

11. Science – lip prints/handprints • Fingerprints are very useful in identifying criminals at crime scenes because almost no crimes are committed without using one’s hands. • There are three classes of fingerprints, plastic, visible, and latent. Plastic prints are fingerprints that make an impression on a pliant surface like putty or tacky paint. • Visible prints are made when someone has a material on their fingers that leaves a visible mark, like blood or makeup.

12. Science – lip prints/handprints • Latent prints are the most common and are made of the oils and residues on the hands, but can only been seen using one of many chemical techniques. One of the most common techniques is dusting. • This is done by dipping a very soft brush into a fine powder, usually black, gray, white or red. The detective then carefully brushes the powder over the print and blows the excess away. • The powder sticks to the oils and residues left by the finger. Once the print becomes visible, it is photographed and then lifted using a special type of tape. Some other methods are:

13. Science – lip prints/handprints • Some other methods are: • Chemical - ninhydrin is attracted to the amino acids and can lift prints on paper. • Iodine fumes can be used to lift fingerprints on paper- reacts with oils, turning them brownish-violet. • Surfaces that have fingerprints can be dipped into or sprayed with silver nitrate, which turns black with salt. • Superglue fumes make white crystals in the presence of moisture in fingerprints also used. • Specialized light sources (lasers and ultraviolet lights) can be used when chemical doesn’t work.

14. Science – lip prints/handprints • Fingerprints are classified by whether they are arches, loops or whorls. • Loops are the most common, then whorls, and very few are arches. • Arches are divided into plain arches, which are symmetric arched friction ridges and tented arches, which become so narrow that their core is a single friction ridge. • Loops look like a cursive ‘e’, but can be slanted to either side of the finger. They are divided into radial loops, which flow towards the thumb, and ulnar loops, which flow towards the little finger.

15. Science – lip prints/handprints • Whorls are circular or spiral shapes. They are subdivided into plain whorls, double loops whorls, central pocket whorls, and accidentals. (8 subcategories). • To identify a fingerprint, experts start with the basic patterns of the ridges, but depend heavily on the details called minutiae within fingerprints. • These minutiae include ridge endings, dots, short ridges, bifurcations, and trifurcations. Also, the sweat pores and oils pores can be used as markers.

16. Science – hair analysis • Hair analysis is a forensic field that dates as far back as the 1800’s. Modern technology has revolutionized the field however. • There are 3 types of analysis forensic scientists can do on a hair to test for various things. • One is chemical tests, which can tell the scientists if the owner of the hair has used illegal drugs, or has any nutritional deficiencies. • Another type is to study the hair under a microscope to compare it to another hair to determine if they are from the same person or animal.

17. Science - Serology • Blood is a very useful piece of evidence for identifying someone. For example, when a stain is found at a crime scene, after identifying it as blood by using a solution that changes color when it comes into contact with blood, it can be tested to see who it is. • To do this, the blood type is tested, using only a few of the 100 plus antigens. • Serologists (blood studiers) use many techniques, but the most common is ABO testing, which tells whether the blood’s owner is A, AB, B or O blood type. It is done by using two solutions that contain antibodies to type A and type B antigens.

18. Science - Serology • The blood clumps around the solution that has antibodies that correspond to its antigens. • The people the blood stain could be can be further narrowed down by using the Rh factor, which tests whether or not a protein known as Rh factor is present.

19. Red blood cells

20. Blood stains

21. Science – Dna fingerprinting • DNA fingerprinting is another technique used to identify people by the evidence left behind. The sample of DNA is usually taken from a blood sample left at a crime scene. • First, it is replicated using the PCR (polymerase chain reaction) technique. This technique involves synthetic proteins copying certain sections of the DNA many times, usually the STR loci.

22. Science – Dna fingerprinting • Short tandem repeats (STR) is a highly polymorphic region of the DNA that repeats a section usually about 4 base pairs long, which can be used to tell the difference between multiple suspects. • The true power of differentiation comes from the multiple loci that STR exists at, which can tell the difference between a large number of people. The probability of two people having the same STR loci is 1 in 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 theoretically, but in practice is more likely.

23. Pathogen information/research - Hiv • HIV is a lentivirus, or a virus that can deliver a lot of genetic into the DNA of a host cell. Lentiviruses have the capability to replicate in non-dividing cells. This lentivirus, HIV, causes AIDS (aquired immunodeficiency syndrome). • AIDS is a condition in which failure of the immune system permits life-threatening cancers to flourish. • HIV infection arises by the transfer of pre-ejaculate, semen, breast milk, or vaginal fluid. In these bodily fluids, HIV is present as a virus within infected immune cells and free virus particles. • HIV progresses to AIDS at a varying rate affected by host, viral, and environmental factors. HIV infects important cells in the human immune system like helper T cells and macrophages.

24. Pathogen information/research - Hiv • Four major routes of transmission: - Breast milk- Unsafe sex- Transmission from an infected mother to her baby at birth - Contaminated needles

25. Pathogen information/research - Hiv • Currently there is no cure for HIV and AIDS, but there are treatments that can slow down the path of the disease. • One treatment that is making life with HIV/AIDS is called HAART, or highly active antiretroviral therapy. HAART is commonly called the “AIDS cocktail" because it is mix of drugs. It is a powerful combination of at least 3 active antiretroviral medications. • The goal of AIDS cocktails today is to decrease the virus in the blood the so it’s no longer detected. HAART is a very effective treatment and it can delay progression to AIDS, can help restore and sustain the immune system, and ease problems. • HIV medications are obtainable with fewer short- and long-term side effects and taking more than one drug assist to prevent drug resistance.

26. Pathogen information/research - Hiv • Facts:- Without treatment, the net median survival time after HIV infection is expected to be 9-11 years.- HIV infects ~ 0.6% of the world's population.- UNAIDS estimated that 33.3 million people were living with HIV at the end of 2009.

27. HIV Infection Various bodily symptoms are shown here.

28. Pathogen information/research - Leprosy • Leprosy is a chronic disease produced by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis. • Someone with leprosy can be seen with lesions on their skin. If not treated, leprosy can be progressive, causing lasting damage to the nerves, eyes, skin, and limbs. • Leprosy is known to be neither sexually transmitted nor extremely infectious after treatment. • About 95% of people are naturally immune and sufferers of leprosy are no longer infectious after 2 weeks of treatment. • Most think thatMycobacterium leprae is spread from person to person in respiratory droplets.

29. Pathogen information/research - Leprosy • Epidemiology :- From 141 countries and territories, the global registered frequency of leprosy at the beginning of 2010 was 211,903 cases.- Most formerly highly endemic countries have now reached elimination of leprosy. • Leprosy can leave open wounds susceptible to gangrene. Gangrene is “localized death and decomposition of body tissue, resulting from either obstructed circulation or bacterial infection” (Google definition). With gangrene, after enough rotting of the skin, limbs can fall off.

30. Pathogen information/research - Leprosy • Prevention: In a recent trial, a single dose of rifampicin decreased the rate at which contacts acquired leprosy in the two years after contact by 57% and 265 treatments with rifampicin prevented one case of leprosy in this period. • Present Recommendations:- Pauci-bacillary leprosy: 1-5 skin lesions- Treat with rifampicin and dapsone for 6 months.-Multi-bacillary leprosy: More than 5 skin lesions- Treat with rifampicin, clofazimine and dapsone for 12 months.

31. interviews • Dr. Lazarus Dangerkitty (Mr. Vass) • Dr. Red Walrus (Mr. Walker) • Dr. Thomas Canada (Mr. Thomas) • Dr. Kelvin High (Mr. Lowe) • Dr. Ian Still (Mr. Stillian)

32. dr. lazarusdangerkitty (mr.vass)

33. Dr. red walrus (mr. walker) – part one

34. Dr. red walrus (mr. walker) – part two

35. dr. thomascanada (mr.thomas)

36. Dr. kelvin high (mr.lowe)

37. Dr. ian still (mr.stillian)

38. Evidence found at crime scene • Blood underneath Dr. Donley’s fingernails: Dr. Kelvin High (Mr. Lowe) = B- • Lip prints on two glasses matching: Dr. Donley and Dr. Dangerkitty. • Fingerprints on Dr. Donley’s glass: Dr. Donley, and Dr. Kelvin High. • Pet hair found on Dr. Donley’s sleeve: Dr. Dangerkitty’s favorite cat.

39. Crime scene pictures

40. Party scene: There are multiple glasses, one of which is spilled over. Spilled liquid is evident, as well as blood stains. There is a cutting board, a knife, and a tipped over chair. Signs indicate a struggle. Findings indicate that blood is from suspect #3, otherwise known as Dr. Kelvin High. Party Scene: Multiple lip stains, one of which has traces of lipstick.

41. Party Scene: There are multiple glasses, one of which is spilled over. Spilled liquid is evident, as well as blood stains. There is a cutting board, a knife, and a tipped over chair. Signs indicate a struggle. Findings indicate that blood is from suspect #3, otherwise known as Dr. Kelvin High. (Close-up).

42. Lab scene: There was a lab coat with two samples of hair; both animal and human hair.

43. Lab scene: Bunsen burner, tongs, beaker, and a test tube.

44. Lab scene: Bunsen burner, tongs, beaker, and a test tube Actual crime scene: Shoe print, and blood stain. Blood is not from Dr. Donley. Shoe print is approx size 1 to 11 ½.

45. Actual Crime Scene: Consists of Body outline and Shoe print, and blood stain. Blood is not from Dr. Donley. Shoe print is approx size 1 to 11 ½.

46. Fingerprints: Catalogue of multiple fingerprints from multiple people, including Sloopy Stretch, Ian Still, Kelvin High, Thomas Canada, and Gerty Rice.

47. Fingerprints: Catalogue of multiple fingerprints from multiple people, including Sloopy Stretch, Ian Still, Kelvin High, Thomas Canada, and Gerty Rice.

48. Insurance Letter: Consists of a insurance policy dated 5/3/05 at 9 in the morning, insuring Dr. Donley’s brain for one million dollars. Benefactors include all members of Monarch University, with exact amounts determined by the department chair.

49. Diary Entries: Consist of multiple diary entries from Dr. Donley. Range from January to February in 2006. Reflects her views of her colleagues, none positive. Last entry, on 2/4, says that she has made some kind of discovery, but is wary that others will use the information.

50. Background information • After Dr. Donley was rewarded with the prestigious “Scientist of the Year” award, many of her colleagues were jealous, not only of her prestige, but also of the grant money awarded. • They believed that she was being egotistical for organizing a party to celebrate her achievement, or praise herself. • Dr. Lazarus Dangerkitty, one such colleague who appears to be quite ominous about his loss, decides to use this time in order to get Dr. Donley out of the way once and for all to pursue his dreams to send felines into outer space. Because of his unorthodox ideas, Dr. Dangerkitty, he is often short of funding. He plans to kill Dr. Donley and retrieve her insurance claim she has put on her brain. He then decides to steal the newly discovered bacteria and HIV virii, and transform the virii Dr. Donley created in order to further his own career. • Dr. Kelvin High has had a long standing issue with Dr. Donley. In early years, he was infatuated with Dr. Donley. However, as the years went on, this infatuation festered into disgust. Dr. High doesn’t feel he garners the respect he deserves from Dr. Donley for his accomplishments. He’s constantly trying to get the respect of one he believes to be of high standing.