1. PA Dutch 101 Video 35: Present Perfect Tense. Present Perfect Tense.

2. Present Perfect Tense • The Present Perfect Tense is used in PD to express the Past Tense. • It is formed with an auxiliary verb and the past participle. • The two auxiliary verbs in PD are hawweand sei. • Seiis only used in situations where there is a change of position or condition.

3. Present Perfect Tense • The word order for a past tense sentence in PD uses these equations: • subject – hawwe/sei– other stuff – past participle. • hawwe/sei– subject – other stuff – past participle? • IchhabDeitschgelannt. – I learned Dutch. • ErissnoochKanadaagfaahre. – He drove to Canada.

4. The Past Participle: Regular Verbs • The Past Participle is formed by: • Dropping the E • Adding GE to the front of the stem. • Adding T to the end of the stem. • GE + STEM + T • mache = gemacht

5. The Past Participle: Irregular Verbs • The Past Participle is formed by: • Dropping the E • Adding GE to the front of the stem. • Adding E to the end of the stem. • GE + STEM + E • lese = gelese • In most Irr. Verbs, the stem changes spelling! • laafe = geloffe • These must be memorized or looked up in a dictionary!

6. Rules to form Past Participles • Reg. Verbs ending in a consonant + LE, drop the E and add an E before the L, then add T: • rechle = gerechelt(calculate) • Reg. Verbs whose stem end in D, change the D to T: • deide = gedeit(point) • Reg. Verbs whose stems end in DD, change the DD to TT: • andwadde = geandwatt(answer)

7. Rules to form Past Participles • Verbs that begin with the letters H,F and S only take a G instead of GE: • heesse = gheese(call) GH = K sound • sitze = gsotze(sit) • schwetze = gschwetzt(talk) • The prefix GE is dropped altogether before some stems beginning with G: • gewwe = gewwe • geh = gange

8. Rules to form Past Participles • No GE is added to a verb with an inseparable prefix: • verschteh = verschtanne • bezaahle = bezaahlt • If a verb has a separable prefix, the prefix is attached to the front of the past participle: • uffschteh = uffgschtanne • rumlaafe = rumgeloffe

9. Present Perfect Tense • When building sentences in the Present Perfect Tense, it is vital that you are able to form the Past Participle. • A dictionary will help you! All dictionaries will give the Past Participle with each verb. • to go – geh, gange (pp)

10. Sei • As has been the case before, SEI has its own separate past tense. • You can use: iss + gewese, but most PD use the following form:

11. Present Perfect Tense • Die Susan froogtihrDaadi. • Die Susan hotihrDaadigfroogt. • Der Chris schpieltseiGitar. • Der Chris hotseiGitargschpielt. • Der Mann un seiFraafaahrenooch Reading. • Der Mann un seiFraasinnooch Reading gfaahre.

12. Iewing – Practice • IchhelfmeinreMudder in der Kich. • IchhabmeinreMudder in der Kichgholfe. • Der Onkelkummt am Freidaag. • Der Onkelissam Freidaagkumme. • Die Kinnerdrinkeviel Lemonade. • Die Kinnerhenviel Lemonade gedrunke.

13. Bis die naegschde Video, Macht’s gut un schwetztDeitsch! E-Poschtschreiwe: busterpa@yahoo.com