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The American Revolution Chapter 6

The American Revolution Chapter 6. Keep in mind….

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The American Revolution Chapter 6

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  1. The AmericanRevolution Chapter 6

  2. Keep in mind… • Lexington and Concord- 1st shots first between Britain and colonists April 19, 1775. Initial British success becomes an American victory and leads to a very tense standoff as both sides evaluate the importance of the event and plan their next steps. • 2ndContinental Congress – begins meeting in May 1775 and quickly divides into 2 camps • Radicals favoring complete independence (Adams, Adams) • Moderates favoring reconciliation (Dickinson – PA) • Olive Branch Petition– last attempt at reconciliation with Britain which asserted colonial loyalty to Britain (July 1775), flatly rejected by Britain who then instituted a naval blockade of the colonies

  3. Keep in mind… “Common Sense” by Thomas Paine – very influential pamphlet presenting both logical and theoretical arguments for declaring independence. It was written in a language that “common” people could understand, and was influential in moving “undecideds” toward independence. Lee’s Resolution – proposed in June, 1776 and called for a complete political break from Britain. While it was being debated Jefferson was working on a draft of the Declaration of Independence. It was eventually adopted unanimously on July 2, 1776. Declaration of Independence – written by Jefferson, using Enlightenment arguments (social contract theory) to justify the Revolution.

  4. Overview • British dispatched 2/3 of its army and ½ of its navy to fight the colonists • Britain has military stationed elsewhere around the world and that’s complicating their war effort • Colonists had to create a militia (minutemen) • Even as late as the calling of the Second Continental Congress in May 1775, divisions still exist among moderate, conservative, and radical colonial factions. By summer, the Americans call on the king to address their concerns, but to no avail. • George Washington is called on by the Second Continental Congress to head the American army. In late 1775, the Americans go on the offensive by invading Canada. The invasion fails, and Canada remains firmly in British hands.

  5. 1776 NY & NJ • On July 2, 1776, the British landed on Staten Island, just across NY Harbor from Manhattan • They thought if they could occupy NY, that would cut off the rest of New England from the other colonies • Washington was determined to defend NY 7 lost several soldiers • British kept their hold on NY throughout the war

  6. Thomas Paine • After Common Sense writes • The American Crisis (pg 215) • ‘These are the times that try men’s souls…” • This was used as a morale booster for the colonists in army camps

  7. General Washington • Felt bad after losing so many soldiers in fight for NY • Dec. 25, 1776 led 2,600 men across the Delaware River into Trenton, NJ • Americans surprised the British near dawn • Only 6 of Washington’s men were wounded, compared to 500 Hessians (German mercenaries fighting for Britain) • 3 weeks later won the battle at Princeton, boosting morale for the Patriots • Realized the Patriots could win the war by wearing down the British in a long battle

  8. Washington at Verplanck’s Point, New York, 1782, Reviewing the French Troops After the Victory at Yorktown, by John Trumbull, 1790 • This noted American artist accentuated Washington’s already imposing height (six feet two inches) by showing him towering over his horse. Washington so appreciated this portrait of himself that he hung it in the dining room of his home at Mount Vernon, Virginia.

  9. Trenton turning point video clip

  10. Social Tensions Grow • The war divides Americans, many of whom remain loyal to the British crown. • Patriots could be divided into 3 groups: • Patriots/Whigs = revolutionaries • Tories = loyalists (wealthier) • Indifferent middle group = supported whoever seemed stronger at the time • Not 1 group had a clear majority of population

  11. Battle of Saratoga • British Gen. Burgoyne moved south from Canada toward Lake Champlain in 1777 (brought 7,000 troops and his mistress) • Colonists left Ft. Ticonderoga when Burgoyne arrived, leaving supplies behind • Gen. Gates becomes new leader of colonists and defeats Burgoyne • This was the battle that convinced France to fight with the colonists—MAJORTURNING POINT IN THE WAR

  12. The War in the South • Patriots lose Savannah and surrender Charleston • Charleston was the largest single loss of the war • According to Britain, southern colonies were more important

  13. Yorktown • Gens. Cornwalis and Arnold join forces in Petersburg totaling 7,200 forces • Cornwalis picks Yorktown, VA as a defensible site • French, Washington’s army and Cornwalis forces all meet at Yorktown • Oct. 17, 1781 (4 years to the day from Saratoga) Cornwalis surrenders • Treaty of Paris 1783: Britain recognizes US independence

  14. Treaty of Paris • Treaty of Paris – 1783 (Franklin, Adams, Jay) – negotiated between America, Britain, France, and Spain. • Clear recognition of American independence • American control of all North America south of Canada and east of the Mississippi River (except Florida) • America agrees to compensate Loyalists for confiscated land • Clearly isolationist – implied that America would take no interest in European affairs 

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