Northern Eurasia Earth Science Partnership and International Polar Year: Data Support

1. Northern Eurasia Earth Science Partnership and International Polar Year: Data Support Pavel Groisman NEESPI Project Scientist UCAR Project Scientist at National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC, USA

2. The NEESPI Study Area NEESPI Study Area includes: Former Soviet Union, Northern China, Mongolia, Fennoscandia, & Eastern Europe

3. Rationale for NEESPI 1. Strong interactions in the system terrestrial ecosystem - atmosphere hydrosphere - cryosphere - human society and feedbacks to global energy, water, and carbon cycles in the region 2. Strong climatic and environmental changes….

4. NEESPI Science Plan Structure 1. INTRODUCTION 2. SCIENTIFIC QUESTIONS AND MOTIVATION 3.MAJOR SCIENTIFIC TOPICS 3.1. Terrestrial ecosystem dynamics 3.2. Biogeochemical cycles 3.3. Surface energy and water cycles 3.4.Land use interactions: societal-ecosystem linkages 3.5. Ecosystems and climate interactions 3.6. Topics of special interest 3.6.1. Cold land region processes 3.6.2. Coastal zone processes 3.6.3. Atmospheric aerosols and pollution 4.REMOTE SENSING 5. MODELING 6. DATA AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 7. EDUCATION 8. RESEARCH STRATEGY Scientific Background Appendix TOOLS

5. Current NEESPI statistics NEESPI Science Plan Preparation Team includes more than 90 scientists (representing mostly academia) from 11 countries with the majority of them are from the United States and Russia. Twenty eight individual research projects (always with the international participation) are currently funded and approximately the same number of projects are pending under the NEESPI umbrella. 187 scientists of 119 institutions from 26 countries are participating in the first 28 funded projects

6. NEESPI Scientific Network 10 institutions in Moscow participate in 10 projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Red dots indicate locations of Principal Investigators Blue dots – locations of Co-Investigators, and Green dots - locations of Collaborators.Squares show Focus Research and Science Support Centers. 6 institutions in Beijing participate in 4 projects

7. Currently, we envision six NEESPI Focus Research Centers • Existing: • Center for Cold Land Processes and Arctic Coastal Studies [at the University of Alaska- Fairbanks] • Center for Water System Studies • Center on Aerosol Studies • Center for Land Use Studies • Center for Biogeochemical Cycle Studies Projected: Center for Integration of the NEESPI Results and Modeling Studies

8. Currently, we envision five NEESPI Science Support Centers • Within the United States • For hydrometeorological information: • National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC • For remote sensing information: • Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD Within the Russian Federation • For hydrometeorological information: • Research Inst. For Hydrometeorological Information, Obninsk, Kaluga Area • For remote sensing information: • SCANEX Corp., Moscow Within China • Beijing Climate Center

9. Northern Eurasia Earth Science Partnership Initiative (NEESPI)was the basis for the IPY Expression of Intent letterby an international team from Russia, the United States, and Japan”Cold Land Processes in Northern Eurasia”

10. Terrestrial Cryosphere Sub-Topic: Cold Land Processes in the Northern Hemisphere IPY proposal # 138 “Cold Land Processes in the Northern Hemisphere continents and their Coastal Zone: Regional and Global Climate and Societal-Ecosystem Linkages and Interactions” Project coordinators: Pavel Ya. Groisman Vladimir M. Kotlyakov UCAR/NCDC, USA RAS IG, Russian Federation On November 2, 2005, the project was endorsed as an IPY core Project by ICSU/WMO Joint Committee for the International Polar Year 2007-2008

11. Current NEESPI_IPY funded projects (totally, 14 of them) including three with the foci on Data Support: • Representativeness of estimates of changes in weather extremes (NOAA) • Thermal State of Permafrost: The U.S. contribution to the International Permafrost Observatory Network, (NSF) • NASA Earth Sciences Data Support System and Services for the Northern Eurasia Earth Science Partnership Initiative (NASA)

12. “Baseline data set of in situ meteorological observations for North America and Northern Eurasia for extreme event studies” NOAA & NASA 2002-2005 • TD-9290c. Global Synoptic Climatology Network. C. The former USSR. Data Set 9290c. • Daily and Sub-daily Precipitation for the Former USSR. Data Set 9813. • Bogdanova, E.G, Ilyin, B.M., and Dragomilova, I.V. 2002a: Application of a comprehensive bias correction model to precipitation measured at Russian North Pole drifting stations. J. Hydrometeorol., 3, 700-713 • Bogdanova, E.G., V.S. Golubev, B.M. Ilyin, and I.V. Dragomilova, 2002b: A new model for bias correction of precipitation measurements, and its application to polar regions of Russia. Russian Meteorol. and Hydrol., No.10, 68-94 • Data set descriptions available at http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/documentlibrary/datasets.html

14. Precipitation network (2188 stations)

16. Comprehensive routinesP = K x(P"+ΔP -Pf1-Pf2) • K=1+ A(Uhµ)2 ; or µ - a conversion to air density at 1013hPa Uh - a wind speed at the gauge orifice when P A - a function of gauge and precipitation types P” - the measured precipitation ΔP - wetting/evaporation/condensation correction Pf1 and Pf2 are adjustments for flurry and blow-in Golubev et al. 1995,1997; Bogdanova et al. 2002a,b

17. Stations in Russian Arctic P, mm Pwmo, mm Diff., mm Dixon Island 415 667 252 Turukhansk 732 837 105 North Pole drifting st-ns 165 256 91 Differences with WMO corrections (Goodison et al. 1998) can be large:Annual corrected precipitation Bogdanova et al. (2002b)

18. Seasonal cycle of monthly precipitation

19. Seasonal cycle of monthly precipitation

20. Increase (%) in mean annualprecipitation throughout the former USSR during the 1961-1990 period compared to P” (measured).

21. Implementation of bias-adjustments to annual precipitation time series. Zhigansk.

22. Regionally averaged January and July precipitation time series prior and after bias correction

23. Annual precipitation in Fairbanks, Alaska