Using Learning Strategies to Improve How Students Learn and Perform Don Deshler University of Kansas Center for Researc

1. Using Learning Strategies to Improve How Students Learn and Perform Don Deshler University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning August 8, 2006 Portland, Oregon

2. Lion Orange Chevrolet Frog Cherry Ford Horse Apple Fish Lemon Dodge Toyota Banana Dog Chrysler

3. What do you do? • Read the passage and answer the question • List everything you did to read and understand the passage • Share and compare with a neighbor

4. Loitering with a vacant eye Along the Grecian gallery, And brooding on my heavy ill, I met a statue standing still. Still in marble stone stood he, And steadfastly, he looked at me. “Well met,” I thought the look would say. “We both were fashioned far away; We neither knew, when we were young, These Londoners we live among.” A.E. Housman, 1896 A. Why does the speaker feel the way he does at the beginning of the poem? He is far from home and feels out of place. He is in very poor health. He feels oppressed by the crowds of people in London. He has nothing to do? He is saddened by the fact that the statue is unhappier than he is. Reading Sub Test

5. Adolescent Reading Model Language Comprehension Word Recognition Executive Processes • Phonological Awareness • Decoding • Sight Word Reading • Fluency • Background Knowledge • Syntax • Vocabulary • Text Structures • Cognitive Strategies • Metacognitive Strategies Integration Reading Comprehension: Comprehension comes from integrating prior knowledge with new information from the text. This new knowledge facilitates deeper thinking about the text and can be applied to learn new information and solve problems. KU-CRL Hock & Deshler, 2006

6. Building Blocks for Content Literacy HIGHER ORDER SUBJECT MATTER STRATEGIES SKILLS LANGUAGE

7. Some guiding questions…. • What are some of the powerful strategies you use to learn new information? • How did you learn these strategies? • What are some important learning strategies to teach? • How do we teach struggling learners to use learning strategies?

8. Content Skills Strategies

9. Content Skills Strategies Knowledge of the world Rules and procedures Guidelines related to selecting and applying skills

10. Content Skills Strategies

11. An Individual’s approach to a task is called a STRATEGY It includes how a person thinks and acts when planning, executing, and evaluating performance on a task and its outcomes.

12. Strategy Instruction is instruction in how to learn and perform

13. So…. What are some important strategies for students to learn?

14. Learning Strategies Expression of Competence Sentences Paragraphs Error Monitoring Themes Assignment Completion Test-Taking Acquisition Word Identification Summarizing Self-Questioning Visual Imagery Interpreting Visuals Multipass Storage First-Letter Mnemonic Paired Associates Listening/Notetaking LINCS Vocabulary

15. Paraphrasing Strategy • Read a paragraph • Ask yourself what is the main idea and what are important supporting details • Put the main idea and supporting details into your own words

16. Self-Questioning Strategy • Attend to clues as you read • Say some questions • Keep predictions in mind • Identify the answer • Talk about the answers

17. Word Mapping Strategy To expand students vocabulary by helping them predict the meanings of unknown words using key language elements (roots, prefixes, suffixes) they come across while reading.

18. Word Families “port” – to carry import export report porter deport support important transport

19. Word Mapping Strategy Step 1: M – Map the word parts Step 2: A – Attack the meaning of each part Step 3: P – Predict the word’s meaning Step 4: S – See if you’re right!

21. Map the targeted word by breaking down into its word parts

22. Attack the meaning by translating each word part

23. Predict the meaning of the word by putting the word part meanings together

24. See if your prediction is correct by checking with the dictionary or someone

26. The LINCS Vocabulary Strategy Reminding Word Word LINCing Story LINCing Picture Definition

27. Creating LINCS Study Cards 1. Take an index card and divide both sides in half by drawing lines across the middle of both sides.

28. Creating LINCS Study Cards (cont.) 2. Write the word to be learned on the top half of one side. Then circle it. fief

29. Creating LINCS Study Cards (cont.) 3. Write the parts of the definition you need to remember on the top of the other side. Land given by king for fighting in army fief

30. Creating LINCS Study Cards (cont.) 4. Write the Reminding Word on the bottom half of the first side. Land given by king for fighting in army fief chief

31. Creating LINCS Study Cards (cont.) 5. Write the LINCing Story on the bottom half of the second side. Land given by king for fighting in army fief Chief of his land chief

32. Creating LINCS Study Cards (cont.) 6. Draw the LINCing Picture on the bottom half of the second side. Land given by king for fighting in army fief Chief of his land chief

33. Let’s Practice!!

34. Vocabulary Words • Charitable • Mortified • Tirade • Perpetual

35. Term 1 LINCing Picture 5 2 LINCing Story Definition 4 3 Reminding Word The LINCS Table List the parts Identify a remaining word Note a LINCing story Create a LINCing picture Self-test

36. A Good REMINDING WORD always… • Sounds like part or all of the new word. • Is a real word. • Has a meaning that you already know. • Helps you remember what the new word means.

37. A Good LINCing Story always…. • Includes the Reminding Word or some form of the Reminding Word • LINCs the Reminding Word to the meaning of the new word • Is short and simple

38. A Good LINCing Picture always... • Contains a part related to the Reminding Word. • Contains parts related to the important ideas in the definition. • Helps you remember the new term’s definition.

39. LINCS Strategy Step 1: List the parts Step 2: Identify a Reminding Word Step 3: Note a LINCing Story Step 4: Create a LINCing Picture Step 5: Self-test

40. Term 1 LINCing Picture 5 2 LINCing Story Definition 4 3 Reminding Word The LINCS Table List the parts Identify a remaining word Note a LINCing story Create a LINCing picture Self-test

41. 1 3 4 5 2 The University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning Example LINCS Tables Term LINCing story Definition LINCing picture charitable He gave lots of food for the table. Giving, generous Reminding word table

42. 1 3 4 5 2 The University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning Example LINCS Tables Term LINCing story Definition LINCing picture mortified The mortician was scared to death when he saw the corpse. Scared to death Reminding word mortician

43. 1 3 4 5 2 The University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning Example LINCS Tables Term LINCing story Definition LINCing picture tirade The tire screamed as it went around the corner. Screaming or yelling Reminding word tire

44. 1 3 4 5 2 The University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning Example LINCS Tables Term LINCing story Definition LINCing picture perpetual The pet constantly barks. Constantly Reminding word pet

45. So…. How do we teach learning strategies to students?

48. Instructional Methodology(Large group) • “I do it!” (Learn by watching) • “We do it!” (Learn by sharing) • “You do it! (Learn by practicing)

49. Instructional Methodology(Small group) • Pretest • Describe • Commitment (student & teacher) • Goals • High expectations • Model • Practice and quality feedback • Controlled and advanced • Posttest & reflect • Generalize, transfer, apply

50. Content Literacy The listening, speaking, reading and writing skills and strategies necessary to learn in each of the academic disciplines.