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Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project

Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project Veneto Region/CORILA Elena Gissi, PhD, Assistant Professor, Iuav University of Venice/CORILA, egissi@iuav.it Venice, 8thof November, 2012.

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Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project

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  1. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project Veneto Region/CORILA Elena Gissi, PhD, Assistant Professor, Iuav University of Venice/CORILA, egissi@iuav.it Venice, 8thof November, 2012

  2. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project Transnational strategy - CONTENTS • The Transnational Strategy: What is about? • General approach: mandate • The role of stakeholders; • Science and Policy – APICE perspective • Targets of emissions reduction; • Methodology of planning cycle (data and measures; scenarios; time perspective) • Measures’ Assessment (criteria and participation); • Results (measures) – comparison between Partners: Ship emissions Cargo handling and Diesel equipment Road traffic and rail traffic Coordination, Inventorying, Coordinating and Communicating 8. Conclusions

  3. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 1. The Transnational Strategy: What is about?

  4. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 1. The Transnational Strategy: What is about? The Transnational Strategy is the result of bottom up process, that have taken place in the 5 Port-Cities.

  5. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 1. The Transnational Strategy: What is about? The Transnational Strategy is the result of bottom up process, that have taken place in the 5 Port-Cities. The contents arise from the comparison of the discussions of APICE Partners with local stakeholders in each Port City Decision makers and main Port actors were involved to address air quality and to find out a paths for pollution mitigation with innovative solutions

  6. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 2. General approach

  7. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 2. General approach to the discussion Approach Sustainable development of port activities towards win-win strategies, respectful of the environment and human health Mandate - General target _ to pursue EU requirements for coasts and seas sustainable management, as required by the Maritime Strategy Framework Directive (2008/56/EC) and recommended by the Integrated Coastal Zone Management (2002) _ to define a common Mediterranean strategy for the mitigation of Port, Industries and Cities Emissions, which can be used to upgrade Protocol of Pollution (under the framework of Barcelona Convention, 2006) _to achieve International and European emissions reduction targets – to find rapid answers, where legal innovation and changes are slow

  8. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 3. The role of stakeholders (1/2) 8

  9. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 3. The role of stakeholders (1/2) Actions/measures Stakeholders 9

  10. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 3. The role of stakeholders (1/2) Norms-rules Enforceability Actions/measures Stakeholders 10

  11. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 3. The role of stakeholders (1/2) Norms-rules Enforceability Actions/measures Stakeholders Role-commitment Implementability 11

  12. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 3. The role of stakeholders (1/2) Enforceability Norms-rules Actions/measures Stakeholders Costs Role-commitment Implementability 12

  13. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 3. The role of stakeholders (2/2) Stakeholders groups Group 1. Stakeholders in charge of taking public decisions, as Local Authorities (Municipal, Provincial and Regional ones), Port Autorities, Authorities and Government in charge of Air Quality and Planning (regional or provincial), Environmental Agencies Group 2. Stakeholders in charge of operating in coastal areas – in charge of private preferences/decisions, as Shipping operators, Port Traders, Trade Associations ,etc. Group 3. General Public / local communities, as Associations, Citizens, Universities, Research and Study Centers, etc. Several stakeholders were involved in APICE activities, with the participation of main stakeholders, through working tables, technical exchanges and interviews... 13

  14. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 4. Science and Policy BRIDGING THE GAP TOWARDS INFORMED POLICIES To support a durable dialogue between bodies in charge of air quality monitoring and modelling with the stakeholders involved in decision making process

  15. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 4. Science and Policy BRIDGING THE GAP TOWARDS INFORMED POLICIES To support a durable dialogue between bodies in charge of air quality monitoring and modelling with the stakeholders involved in decision making process

  16. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 4. Science and Policy BRIDGING THE GAP TOWARDS INFORMED POLICIES To support a durable dialogue between bodies in charge of air quality monitoring and modelling with the stakeholders involved in decision making process Communication

  17. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 5. Targets of emissions reduction Top-down approach (Marseilles): targets of emissions reduction established a-priori according to Directives and Documents at National and Regional level Bottom-up approach (Barcelona, Venice, Genova): Assessment of mitigation potential through, starting from potential mitigation of a mix of several actions; assessment of concentrations reduction through modelling.

  18. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 5. Targets of emissions reduction Top-down approach (Marseilles): targets of emissions reduction established a-priori according to Directives and Documents at National and Regional level Bottom-up approach (Barcelona, Venice, Genova): Assessment of mitigation potential through, starting from potential mitigation of a mix of several actions; assessment of concentrations reduction through modelling. International, National, Regional targets on concentrations and emissions

  19. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 5. Targets of emissions reduction Top-down approach (Marseilles): targets of emissions reduction established a-priori according to Directives and Documents at National and Regional level Bottom-up approach (Barcelona, Venice, Genova): Assessment of mitigation potential through, starting from potential mitigation of a mix of several actions; assessment of concentrations reduction through modelling. International, National, Regional targets on concentrations and emissions Source Specific Performance Standards

  20. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 5. Targets of emissions reduction Top-down approach (Marseilles): targets of emissions reduction established a-priori according to Directives and Documents at National and Regional level Bottom-up approach (Barcelona, Venice, Genova): Assessment of mitigation potential through, starting from potential mitigation of a mix of several actions; assessment of concentrations reduction through modelling. International, National, Regional targets on concentrations and emissions Project/theme/activity Specific Standards and goals Source Specific Performance Standards

  21. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 5. Targets of emissions reduction Top-down approach (Marseilles): targets of emissions reduction established a-priori according to Directives and Documents at National and Regional level Bottom-up approach (Barcelona, Venice, Genova): Assessment of mitigation potential through, starting from potential mitigation of a mix of several actions; assessment of concentrations reduction through modelling. International, National, Regional targets on concentrations and emissions CASE STUDY AREA EMISSIONS REDUCTION GOALS Project/theme/activity Specific Standards and goals Source Specific Performance Standards

  22. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 5. Targets of emissions reduction Top-down approach (Marseilles): targets of emissions reduction established a-priori according to Directives and Documents at National and Regional level Bottom-up approach (Barcelona, Venice, Genova): Assessment of mitigation potential through, starting from potential mitigation of a mix of several actions; assessment of concentrations reduction through modelling. International, National, Regional targets on concentrations and emissions CASE STUDY AREA EMISSIONS REDUCTION GOALS Project/theme/activity Specific Standards and goals APICE Source Specific Performance Standards _ Time projections of targets achievement _ Feasibility of targets achievement with the measures put in place (tracking methods)

  23. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 6. APICE Methodology: the Planning Cycle Aim: to coniugate monitoring, measuring, modelling and decision making by sharing data and information on activities.

  24. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 6. APICE Methodology: the Planning Cycle Aim: to coniugate monitoring, measuring, modelling and decision making by sharing data and information on activities. Strategies and Measures INVENTORYING Scenarios _Activities _Location _Timing _Stakeholders involved Concentrations Emissions

  25. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 6. APICE Methodology: the Planning Cycle Aim: to coniugate monitoring, measuring, modelling and decision making by sharing data and information on activities. Strategies and Measures INVENTORYING Scenarios _Activities _Location _Timing _Stakeholders involved Concentrations Emissions

  26. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 6. APICE Methodology: the Planning Cycle Aim: to coniugate monitoring, measuring, modelling and decision making by sharing data and information on activities. Strategies and Measures MONITORING INVENTORYING Scenarios _Activities _Location _Timing _Stakeholders involved Atmospheric Model Concentrations Emissions

  27. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 6. APICE Methodology: the Planning Cycle Aim: to coniugate monitoring, measuring, modelling and decision making by sharing data and information on activities. Strategies and Measures MONITORING INVENTORYING Scenarios _Activities _Location _Timing _Stakeholders involved Atmospheric Model Concentrations Emissions Time Perspective for modelling Venice  2020 Marseilles  2025 Barcelona  2015 Thessaloniki  2020 Genova  2020

  28. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 7. Towards local adaptation plans Strategy for each Case Study area Measures cat. 1: Ship emissions Measures cat. 2: Diesel Powered equipment Measures cat. 3: Cargo handling equipment Measures cat. 4: Rail emissions Measures cat. 5: Diesel road vehicles Measures cat. 6: Solid Bulks Measures cat. 7: Inventoring, Monitoring, Communicating

  29. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 7. Towards local adaptation plans Strategy for each Case Study area Measures cat. 1: Ship emissions Action no 1.1 Cluster of stakeholders no. 1.1 Action no 1.2 Cluster of stakeholders no. 1.2 ... ... Action no 1.n Cluster of stakeholders no. 1.n

  30. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 7. Towards local adaptation plans Strategy for each Case Study area Measures cat. 1: Ship emissions Action no 1.1 Cluster of stakeholders no. 1.1 Action no 1.2 Cluster of stakeholders no. 1.2 ... ... Action no 1.n Cluster of stakeholders no. 1.n LOCAL ASSESSMENT Roadmap for Local Adaptation Plan

  31. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 7. Towards local adaptation plans – Local assessment Criteria on which actions/measures were assessed per each case study area

  32. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 7. Towards local adaptation plans – Local assessment Criteria on which actions/measures were assessed per each case study area To evaluate the feasibility of actions, between environmental aspects and economic aspects. Criteria assessment through Delphi Method, which relies on a panel of experts to assign weights and priorities, opportunities and threats of each criterion. 18 participants, from experts and stakeholders of the 5 port-cities

  33. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 7. Towards local adaptation plans Strategy for each Case Study area Measures cat. 1: Ship emissions Measures cat. 2: Diesel Powered equipment Measures cat. 3: Cargo handling equipment Measures cat. 4: Rail emissions LOCAL ASSESSMENT Measures cat. 5: Diesel road vehicles Measures cat. 6: Solid Bulks Measures cat. 7: Inventoring, Monitoring, Communicating Roadmap for Local Adaptation Plan

  34. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 8. Local assessment Criteria on which actions/measures were assessed per each case study area

  35. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 8. Local assessment Criteria on which actions/measures were assessed per each case study area

  36. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 8. Local assessment Criteria on which actions/measures were assessed per each case study area

  37. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 8. Local assessment Criteria on which actions/measures were assessed per each case study area

  38. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 8. Local assessment Criteria on which actions/measures were assessed per each case study area Types of Actions – on engines • Technological strategies (Retrofit, Repower, Refuel, Repair/Rebuild, Replace, Improving Fuel Efficiency) • Operational strategies (Trucking: Reduced overnight idling, Reduced pick-up/drop-off idling, Port access improvements, Reduced highway speeds, Arterial signal synchronization, Driver training, Reduced empty mileage, etc; Marine: Cold ironing (electrification), Reduced port equipment idling, Reduced hotelling time, Reduced vessel speeds, Use of more efficient ships, etc Implementability/Enforceability a. Regulatory actions, as rules, by-laws, upgrading of international, national or local normative frameworks; b. Non-regulatory actions, some examples: implementation of operational protocols with respect to activities, shared by stakeholders; partnerships and incentive/defiscalization programs; re-discussion of port requirements with respect to contracts, leases, agreements, etc.

  39. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 9. Common Transnational Strategy - Results Emerging points – the need for a Mediterranean Port-Cities Network Relation between each case study area and the International legal framework need to create a network of local stakeholders to interact with EU and International Stakeholders Relation between each case study area and the main economic actors, which are International need to create a network of local stakeholders to interact with International Economic Actors Relation between each case study area and its local conditions need to reflect on the territorialization of targets and standards on local conditions

  40. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 9. Common Transnational Strategy - Results Similar context _EU Directives on Air Quality _International legislation on ships (MARPOL, Annex VI) _EU reccomandation on ICZM and Framework Directive on Marine Strategy _Trans-European Transport Networks TEN-T _EU Standards per vehicles categories (Directive 2001/116/EC) _Fuel markets – global markets Local differences _Geographic, climate, topographic _Emissions (inventorying and monitoring) _Economic Situation, Trends and Scenarios of each Port Cities _Stakeholders involved, political agendas, capacity to involve key actors _State of the art in term of Air Quality Planning and Management _National, Regional and local legislation and planning framework

  41. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 9. Common Transnational Strategy - Results Similar context _EU Directives on Air Quality _International legislation on ships (MARPOL, Annex VI) _EU reccomandation on ICZM and Framework Directive on Marine Strategy _Trans-European Transport Networks TEN-T _EU Standards per vehicles categories (Directive 2001/116/EC) _Fuel markets – global markets APICE Local differences _Geographic, climate, topographic _Emissions (inventorying and monitoring) _Economic Situation, Trends and Scenarios of each Port Cities _Stakeholders involved, political agendas, capacity to involve key actors _State of the art in term of Air Quality Planning and Management _National, Regional and local legislation and planning framework

  42. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 10. Common Transnational Strategy – Measures Action 1.1: On-shore Power Supply (OPS) Action 1.2: Change fuel while manouvreing Action 1.3: Alternative fuel (LNG) Measure 1: Ship Emissions Measure 2: Diesel powered equip- ment and Cargo handling equipment Action 2.1: Accelerated fleet turnover Action 2.2: Idle reduction programs Action 2.3: Alternative fuels Action 3.1: Improvement of road system (to avoid congestion) Action 3.2: Environmental excellence certification for trucks Action 3.3: Mode switching - Alternative fuels (CNG, LNG, hybrid) Action 3.4: Idle reduction programs Measure 3: Road Traffic Action 4.1: Increase rail ratio through economic incentives Action 4.2: Improvement of rail system (access, avoid congestion) Action 4.3: Track electrification Measure 4: Rail Traffic Action 5.1: Monitoring and control (protocol or agreement between stakeholders, etc) Action 5.2: Port Air Quality Steering/Working Committee Action 5.3: Data Sharing: Inventoring Emissions and Monitoring concentrations as the base for planning Action 5.4: Communication strategy Measure 5: Inventorying, Monitor-ing, Coordinating, Communicating

  43. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 1.1 10. Common Transnational Strategy – Measures Measure: SHIP EMISSIONS Action 1.1: On-shore Power Supply (OPS) Cities: All (Barcelona, Genova, Marseilles, Thessaloniki, Venice) Analysis • Marseilles: (1) scenario involved one terminal and ships in rotation between Marseille and Corsica Island of by Marseille Port Authority, AirPACA and CNM Company; • Venice: (1) OPS with energy production by Marghera power plant (by ENEL and Venice Port Authority); (2) OPS based on compact combined heat and power systems located in the vicinity of the docks (gas powered motors) (by VTP Engineering); (3) OPS through LNG Hybrid Barge (Hamburg Port case study). Observations Impacts at local scale in reducing potential impacts on highly urbanized areas. Local relevance of the emissions reduction, that might justify strong initial investments, as for the proximity to population. The emissions potential reduction with respect to the overall emissions inventory might be less relevant.

  44. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 1.2 10. Common Transnational Strategy – Measures Measure: SHIP EMISSIONS Action 1.2: Change fuel while manouvreing Cities: All (Barcelona, Genova, Marseilles, Venice) Analysis • New limits in sulphure content by 2020 imposed by IMO and EU Directive under revision; • Port Autorities, Ship Companies and ship operators towards 2020 • Fuel availability in 2020 (revision in 2018 to update the schedule) under discussion • Retrofitting technologies as an alternative to the use of low sulphure fuels Observations Impacts in anticipating the entry into force and to discuss on implementability at local, Regional and International level Questions of Home Ports, about fuel availability and fuel price Importance in studying local impacts of the measure, affecting single engines, but whose effectiveness should be assessed with respect to local traffic and trends of economic development

  45. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 1.3 10. Common Transnational Strategy – Measures Measure: SHIP EMISSIONS Action 1.3: Alternative fuel (LNG) Cities: All (Barcelona, Genova, Marseilles, Thessaloniki, Venice) Analysis • Barcelona: LNG implementation requires (i) International and National legislation for ships with LNG propulsion; (ii) infrastructure and logistics for LNG; (iii) network for LNG promotion in maritime transport. Observations Scenario characterized by contextual uncertainties, that should be faced by a work in network at International and local level, and by economic and institutional actors. Successful strategy on LNG if implemented in a Network of ports, that could be related to EU transport Strategies, as TEN-T network and Motorways of the Sea (proposal of Barcelona) and/or according to Home Ports for ships engaged in scheduled traffic with frequent and regular port calls. Reference: COSTA - 2011-EU-21007-S, TEN-T Multi-Annual Programme, LNG for Short Sea Shipping in the Mediterranean, Atlantic Ocean and Black Sea areas

  46. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 2.x 10. Common Transnational Strategy – Measures Measure 2: Diesel powered equipment and Cargo handling equipment Action 2.1: Accelerated fleet turnover Action 2.2: Idle reduction programs Action 2.3: Alternative fuels Cities: Barcelona, Marseilles, Thessaloniki (not considered in Venice because of low contribution to emissions of the sectors) Analysis Legal framework: non-road mobile machinery (NRMM) directives; Contribution of Port Equipment sectors – different situations in different Ports, according to local situations and data. Observations Enforceability: through programs to sustain EU standards requirements Voluntary actions and Port Decisions – different situations in different Ports, according to Local Programs, local decisions, and the re-discussion of Port requirements with respect to contracts, leases, agreements, etc.

  47. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 3.x 10. Common Transnational Strategy – Measures Measure: Road traffic Action 3.1: Improvement of road system (to avoid congestion) Action 3.2: Environmental excellence certification for trucks Action 3.3: Mode switching - Alternative fuels (CNG, LNG, hybrid) Action 3.4: Idle reduction programs Cities: Barcelona, Marseilles, Thessaloniki, Venice Analysis • Great impact in terms of emissions in all Ports; • Directive 2005/55/EC and 2005/78/EC on heavy-duty vehicles; «Intelligent transport systems - A smart move for Europe» Road transport and interfaces with other modes adopted by the 16/12/2008: (i) coordinate and accelerate deployment of ITS; (ii) make road transport more sustainable Observations Enforceability: through programs to sustain EU standards requirements Voluntary actions and the support by Public Policies – different situations in different countries, according to National Legislations and Programs, and local decisions

  48. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 3.x 10. Common Transnational Strategy – Measures Measure: Road traffic Action 3.1: Improvement of road system (to avoid congestion) Action 3.2: Environmental excellence certification for trucks Action 3.3: Mode switching - Alternative fuels (CNG, LNG, hybrid) Action 3.4: Idle reduction programs Cities: Barcelona, Marseilles, Thessaloniki, Venice Local Adaptation Plan for Marseilles Improvement of road traffic management 5.1 – Speed reduction over the Bouches-du-Rhône area after a first technical feasibility study – Regulatory action 5.2 – To insert the air problematic into the dynamic regulation of the road traffic for the highway between St Maximin and Aix en Provence – Regulatory To improve the performances of vehicles 8.0 - To set a target of 30% for the fleet turnover (private and public fleet > 50 vehicles) - Regulatory action Analysis • Great impact in terms of emissions in all Ports; • Directive 2005/55/EC and 2005/78/EC on heavy-duty vehicles; «Intelligent transport systems - A smart move for Europe» Road transport and interfaces with other modes adopted by the 16/12/2008: (i) coordinate and accelerate deployment of ITS; (ii) make road transport more sustainable Observations Enforceability: through programs to sustain EU standards requirements Voluntary actions and the support by Public Policies – different situations in different countries, according to National Legislations and Programs, and local decisions

  49. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 4.x 10. Common Transnational Strategy – Measures Measure: Rail traffic Action 4.1: Increase rail ratio through economic incentives Action 4.2: Improvement of rail system (access, avoid congestion) Action 4.3: Track electrification (Port infrastructure) Cities: Barcelona, Marseilles, Thessaloniki, Venice Analysis White paper titled ‘Roadmap to a single European transport area – towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system’ (COM(2011) 144 final): (among others) (i) developing a true internal market for rail services (ii) multimodal transport of goods (e-freight); Observations National Policies on rail freight, to answer to European Policy, orient the implementation of rail infrastructures and transport ratio, with strong impacts at local level, where Ports and local Authorities can operate for their part. Wide convergence of stakeholders and economic actors on the conversion to rail mode

  50. Towards common steps to curb emissions: the Transnational Strategy of APICE Project 4.x 10. Common Transnational Strategy – Measures Measure: Rail traffic Action 4.1: Increase rail ratio through economic incentives Action 4.2: Improvement of rail system (access, avoid congestion) Action 4.3: Track electrification (Port infrastructure) Cities: Barcelona, Marseilles, Thessaloniki, Venice Analysis White paper titled ‘Roadmap to a single European transport area – towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system’ (COM(2011) 144 final): (among others) (i) developing a true internal market for rail services (ii) multimodal transport of goods (e-freight); Observations National Policies on rail freight, to answer to European Policy, orient the implementation of rail infrastructures and transport ratio, with strong impacts at local level, where Ports and local Authorities can operate for their part. Wide convergence of stakeholders and economic actors on the conversion to rail mode Source: Eurostat, 2011

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