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Topics covered

Topics left to cover. Topics covered. Cells Digestion Blood Circulation System Gas Exchange Nervous System Hormones Muscles Skeletal System Human Reproduction and Development Microbes and Immune System. Genetics and Cancer. Human Physiology Lesson 23. Microbes and Disease

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Topics covered

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  1. Topics left to cover Topics covered • Cells • Digestion • Blood • Circulation System • Gas Exchange • Nervous System • Hormones • Muscles • Skeletal System • Human Reproduction and Development • Microbes and Immune System • Genetics and Cancer

  2. Human Physiology Lesson 23 Microbes and Disease How does your body protect you against from pathogens How can we can become immune to disease? What are antigens and how does our body use them to fight against disease?

  3. Project • Microbes and Pathogens • Transmission • Entry and protection • Immune System - lymphocytes • Vaccination and Jenner • Developing vaccines • Antibiotics and Fleming • Antibiotic Resistance- C.diff and MRSA

  4. Diseases Bacteria, Food poisoning Impetigo Syphilis Tuberculosis Fungi, Athlete’s foot Thrush Virus, Polio HIV, Influenza (flu) Measles Chickenpox Protoctist, Malaria

  5. Transmission of Microbes • How do microbes get transferred from one organism to another?

  6. How microbes are transferred between organisms • Droplet Infection • Direct Contact • Contaminated food and drink • Through the blood-transfusion or cut

  7. 8C Catch that! Match each sentence with the correct ending: C… touch. D… eating contaminated food. A… blood transfer. F… droplets from a cough or sneeze. E… drinking contaminated water. B… sexual intercourse. A… blood transfer. B… sexual intercourse. C… touch. D… eating contaminated food. E… drinking contaminated water. F… droplets from a cough or sneeze. 1 Chicken pox can be spread by… 2Salmonella can be spread by... 3Hepatitis and HIV can be spread by... 4Colds and flu can be spread by… 5Typhoid and gastro-enteritis can be spread by… 6Syphilis and HIV can be spread by…

  8. 8C Infection death rates Only 5.1% of deaths in Europe are caused by infectious diseases. Do you think that this figure would be different in the developing world? Why?

  9. Pathogenesis

  10. Immunity • Surface Barriers-prevents micro-organisms from entering the cells of your body. • Explain the human surface barriers • Immune System

  11. 8C Defence!

  12. How does your body defend itself against an infection • Platelets • Lymphocytes- engulf and antibody • Antitoxin • Mucus • Hydrochloric Acid • Antibiotics and Fleming • Immunisation

  13. 8C Immunity

  14. RECAP • Mechanisms that stop us from getting ill

  15. What happens if we do get ill? • How do we know?

  16. Common symptoms of Diseases Fever Spots Rash High temperature Red Eyes Lethargy Fungal Disease Symptoms Blemishes on the skin Itchy, peeling skin

  17. Symptoms • Write down ANY symptoms of disease

  18. What happens next?

  19. Antibiotics • Name 3 diseases that antibiotics can be used against • Name 3 diseases that antibiotics cannot be used against • Why do antibiotics not destroy viral infections? • Why is it important to ensure that you complete the dosage of antibiotics you are prescribed? • What are the dangers in prescribing antibiotics too readily?

  20. DANGER MRSA

  21. Antibiotic Resistance • Natural selection and evolution of bacterial strains. • MRSA • Mutations • Epidemics and Pandemics

  22. Spontaneous mutation in growing population Bacterial population exposed to antibiotic The resistant bacterial cell survives and divides to generate a population of antibiotic-resistant bacteria Antibiotic Resistance Bacterial population Mutant bacterial cell is resistant to a specific antibiotic

  23. Make a flow chart, including diagrams, about how bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics

  24. Widespread • What is a main problem caused when new microorganisms emerge?

  25. H5N1

  26. How can we stop a pandemic/epidemic

  27. Bird Flu - A Modern Pandemic? Start the following animation to see how the H5N1 virus could mutate to form a new human flu virus.

  28. How can we reduce the risk of bacteria developing antibiotic resistance?

  29. A 3 year old child suffering from chickenpox A child suffering from smallpox

  30. How can we protect ourselves from infection?

  31. anthrax malaria mumps rubella measles polio types of cancer rabies diphtheria tuberculosis Flu hepatitis VACCINES

  32. Vaccinations • Edward Jenner

  33. Vaccination Process

  34. How does it work Booster Injection Number of Antibodies Time First Injection

  35. Disadvantages • The MMR debate!

  36. Modern methods of developing vaccines How can we use the following to help us develop a vaccination?

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