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Bell Ringer 4.14.10

Bell Ringer 4.14.10. 1. What is Dada? 2. What was the New Economic Policy? EC What was Mussolini’s relationship with the Vatican ?. Mass Culture and the Rise of Modern Dictators. Essential Question:

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Bell Ringer 4.14.10

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  1. Bell Ringer 4.14.10 • 1. What is Dada? • 2. What was the New Economic Policy? • EC What was Mussolini’s relationship with the Vatican?

  2. Mass Culture and the Rise of Modern Dictators Essential Question: How did the postwar atmosphere influence cultural expression and encourage the trend towards dictatorship?

  3. The Artists What were the changes in cultural expression?

  4. Otto Dix

  5. Otto Dix

  6. Max Beckmann

  7. Max Beckmann

  8. Rite of Spring • Joffrey Ballet The Rite of Spring

  9. Kaethe Kollwitz

  10. Kaethe Kollowitz

  11. George Grosz

  12. George Grosz

  13. Metropolis by Frank Linz in 1927 • It is the future, and humans are divided into two groups: the thinkers, who make plans (but don't know how anything works), and the workers, who achieve goals (but don't have the vision). Completely separate, neither group is complete, but together they make a whole. One man from the "thinkers" dares visit the underground where the workers toil, and is astonished by what he sees... Written by Murray Chapman {muzzle@cs.uq.oz.au} • Metacafe Metropolis Trailer • FRtruveo Metropolis Trailer

  14. The Artists What were the changes in cultural expression?

  15. The Dictators What were the conditions in Italy that allowed the rise of fascism?

  16. Benito Mussolini • 1883-1945 • Socialist Journalist • Black Shirts • Veterans and Unemployed men • video info Benito Mussolini • Video II Benito Mussolini

  17. Condition 1 of 6 • 1. The parliamentary system was dysfunctional. Because the government did not have or was unwilling to use its power to deal with the post-war debt and strikes there arose a power vacuum. The strikes led to violence. Mussolini's squadristi broke up the strikes, to the satisfaction of the middle and lower middle classes.

  18. Fiat Strike

  19. 2nd Condition of 6 • 2. In 1924 Socialist deputy Matteotti was murdered after his attempts to expose fascist violence and fraud in the government. Soon the public was intimidated by the fascists.

  20. Mussolini’s Blackshirts

  21. Condition 3 of 6 • 3. Many people were responsive to the psychological exhilaration of the fascist propaganda.

  22. Fascist Propaganda

  23. Fascist Propaganda

  24. Fascist Propaganda

  25. Fascist Propaganda

  26. Condition 4 of 6 • 4. Fascism appeared to address people's fears of the rise of Communism.

  27. Condition 5 of 6 • 5. Fascists played on the Italians' hostility to their former allies England and the United States. England in particular refused to honor the secret agreement made with Italy in 1915 by which Italy was to get Austrian lands and some of the German and Turkish possessions in exchange for joining the Allied cause.

  28. Collective Security?

  29. Condition 6 • 6. In certain instances, efficiency - albeit with blood and intimidation - was substituted for chaos in the Italian government and economy.

  30. Photo Changes • Mussolini and Hitler alter images

  31. Nationalism on Steroids Govt over the individual Not quite racism Bundle of Sticks Corporative State Gov’t controls all aspects of economy for the good of the nation Feudal Model No Social Mobility Mussolini’s, Il Duce, Fascism

  32. The Dictators What were the conditions in Italy that allowed the rise of fascism?

  33. Dictatorship • Originally used for Roman magistrates during times of emergency when they had extraordinary authority appointed with constitutional authority. Once the state of emergency or crisis passed, power authority of dictator would terminate. Currently, it refers to a government or state in which political and hence governmental power is concentrated in the hands of an individual, or ruling elite usually extraconstitutional and accompanied by an aggressive or impulsive form of decision making, a substantial if not total restriction of civil liberties and by arbitrary or despotic methods of political and social control. Specifically in Italy and Germany, exclusive control over the state in which individual interests are submitted to the will of the state at all times.

  34. Authoritarianism • Policy or political system characterized by unqualified and unquestioning obedience to authority. The nature of modern totalitarian dictatorships, which, as a general rule, have demanded strict obedience to authority from their citizens as opposed to individual freedom and judgment of action.

  35. Totalitarian The ultimate or extreme degree of dictatorship in which government exerts or attempts to exert total control over every aspect of individual and public life. Intending to integrate and harmonize the social, economic, religious, and intellectual activities of individuals and society as a whole with the political or military policies and aspirations of the state. It is a system or set of ideas which totally engulf the whole man by making the state almost synonymous with society. Usually includes systematic reign of terror to eliminate both political opposition and social dissent in general.

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