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BELLWORK

BELLWORK. What is the difference between a rural and urban area? READ “Great Britain leads the way” on pgs. 379-380 and answer the following questions: What did farmers in Great Britain do during the Industrial Revolution? What is capital?

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BELLWORK

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  1. BELLWORK • What is the difference between a rural and urban area? • READ “Great Britain leads the way” on pgs. 379-380 and answer the following questions: • What did farmers in Great Britain do during the Industrial Revolution? • What is capital? • What raw materials did Great Britain have? Why were these important? • What happened to farming once machinery was introduced? • THINKER: What do the three political revolutions (America, France, England) have in common? List three things!

  2. REMINDERS • Short Answer test next class– compare/contrast two revolutions • Independent Study Guide work after the short answer test so bring all notes! • Monday – Unit 5 Test • Monday – study guide and late work due!

  3. Industrial Revolution (1860-1890): shift towards industrialism using machines, factories, mines, and railroads. Manufacturing and Industry replaced agriculture as the main source of economic growth. Industrial Revolution

  4. Steel, iron, and coal were central to new industry Started in Great Britain and spread throughout Europe, North America, and the World. Why Great Britain? Industrial Revolution

  5. Everyday Americans Living Conditions • poor lived in crowded apartment buildings called tenements • overwork, poor sanitation, and inadequate diet left slum dwellers vulnerable to disease • many poor children received no education • cities were full of prostitution, pornography, and hard alcohol

  6. Working Conditions Laborers • Worked in factories, mills, and mines • worked at least 60 hours a week for an average pay of about 20 cents an hour, and had no benefits

  7. Everyday Americans Laborers • earnings increased up to 60% from 1870-1900

  8. Everyday Americans With working conditions so bad, why do you think people still came, by the millions, to America?

  9. Environmental Problems - Air • With the race for industrialization, many countries began to exploit their natural resources (especially coal, oil, and gas) all with little regard to the environment. • Coal was needed to power the steam engines that would run machines and trains, but coal also released huge amounts of carbon into the atmosphere. • The combination of smoke and fog produced smog, which was visible as a thick blanket over cities. • This caused thousands of deaths due to respiratory diseases.

  10. Environmental Problems - Water • Water was another prime resource used for running machines in factories. • Factories dumped toxic industrial waste into nearby rivers. • Due to dense populations, the cities had no proper system of sewage disposal, so rivers were also contaminated for personal use. • During the Industrial Revolution, there was no running water – everything came from rivers; therefore, the contaminated, toxic, filthy, sewage water was also used as drinking water. • This caused water-borne diseases like cholera or typhoid fever to wipe out a huge portion of the population. (Especially the working class).

  11. Environmental Problems - Land • With large amounts of populations moving to the cities for work, land was being exploited to build homes or more factories. • This meant cutting down forest areas and loss of natural habitats. • Many factories used empty space as land fills for their trash and toxic waste. • This lead to a spread of disease

  12. Pollution and Industrialization • Pollution remains a side effect of industrialization. • We are going to read a short excerpt on the growth of industrial cities and how it creates pollution. • “An Industrial City” – pg. 381 • How did Manchester become an industrial city? • What type of industry did Manchester rely on? • What happened to the Irwell River? • Do you think that what happened to Manchester can be called “progress?” • How do cities today compare/contrast with cities of the 1800’s?

  13. Inventions of the 1800s Battery Tin can Photograph/camera Soda fountain Stethoscope Cement Matches Typewriter Sewing machine Revolver/Machine gun Morse Code Bicycle Stapler Safety pin Dishwasher Washing machine Elevator Plastic Dynamite Vacuum Barbed wire Telephone Toilet paper Contact lenses

  14. Transportation and Communication • The Industrial Revolution was also characterized by advances in transportation and communication. • Transcontinental Railroad: U.S. railroad running from the east to west coast • The increase in railroads allowed goods to be shipped faster and cheaper. • Telegraph: Samuel Morse perfected it using a system called Morse Code • Telephone: Alexander Graham Bell; by 1900 (30 years after its invention), 1.5 million telephones were in use.

  15. Inventions of the Industrial Revolution

  16. CLOSURE • Explain the advantages and disadvantages of the Industrial Revolution.

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