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A Tale of Two Cities Behind the Madness

City #1 London compared . City #2 to Paris. A Tale of Two Cities Behind the Madness. History…. Beginning? Mind Bender: Doesn’t everything in SOME WAY influence EVERYTHING else? (“ We didn’t start the fire …”).

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A Tale of Two Cities Behind the Madness

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  1. City #1 London compared City #2 to Paris A Tale of Two CitiesBehind the Madness

  2. History… • Beginning? • Mind Bender: Doesn’t everything in SOME WAY influence EVERYTHING else? (“We didn’t start the fire…”)

  3. “The greatest and bloodiest revolution Europe has ever known…” The French Revolution

  4. French and American Revolutions take place at the same time: England and France both are at war (duality)

  5. Heir to French throne 1770: Married at age 15 (during a storm) a “fat waffler” No social skills A shy “dork” Sexual problems (long time with no heir) Louis XVI

  6. Marie Antoinette • Arch Duchess of Austria • Married at age 14 • “fair of face” and blond hair • A “mall rat” • French people soured on her after years of no heir

  7. Marriage united France and Austria (where Marie Antoinette was from) The Mallrat meets the French Fry! When Louis Met Marie…

  8. Note the lay out (England, France, and what was the Austrian Netherlands)

  9. Louis the XVI is 20 years old Still a “waffler” (er…a French Crepe?!) Not a good leader…easily led France was an absolute monarchy (the King was a direct line to God) Louis XIV dies leaving the French crown to his pudgy grandson

  10. Numerous wars had cost France a lot of money The 17th century (before “Pudge Boy’s” reign) was known for the king and aristocracy’s extravagancy France was in severe debt The people of France were hungry France was already in trouble…

  11. More trouble… • The nobles and clergy (the second sons of the nobles) enjoyed special privileges • Fewer taxes • “feudal” rights • Imprison anyone for any reason at any time in political prisons (i.e.: “The Bastille”) • The aristocrats “owned” their vassals (like slaves) • The common people (the great majority of the population) resented this

  12. “Do I HAVE to?” Louis XVI’s reaction to inheriting this country in crisis…

  13. During the late Middle Ages, peasants moved from rural estates to towns in order to find increased prosperity… …They found it. The Age of Enlightenment

  14. They started businesses. The bourgeoisie . The peasants became convinced that they fostered their prosperity by their own hard work…unlike the inherited wealth of the aristocrats. They started to like the new “changes” they brought about by their moving to the cities. They started to think they could foster more changes… The Age of Enlightenment

  15. Individual more important than king or church (the king and the church were connected). This led to a change in political thought and philosophy… The Enlightenment, which began in France, spread to other countries of Europe and eventually to America Shifted thinking from reliance on the Church to self-reliance It fostered a change from blind faith to inquiring minds. It encouraged the investigation of new ideas. The Age of Enlightenment

  16. “Question authority” “Trust reason ALONE” Enlightenment mottos

  17. European Class Divisions • Since Middle Ages classes had been split into three parts: • The aristocracy/church • The business/trades people • The peasants

  18. Enlightenment Thought =EQUALITY= (no class divisions)

  19. Led to the American Revolution taking place AT THE SAME TIME across the Atlantic The Enlightenment

  20. France has THE WORST winter in 90 years Poor crops People go hungry Flour and bread are hard to come by (1 loaf=1 month’s earnings) People riot for food 1788-1789

  21. French Government • Organized into the THREE ESTATES • #1: The aristocracy • #2:The clergy (2nd sons of nobles) • #3: everyone else • Estates 1 & 2 = 3% of population • Estate 3 = 97% of population

  22. Maximillian Robespierre Lawyer comes to Parliament to fight for a fair voice for the 3rd estate (the people he represents) excellent speaker wants Estates 1 & 2 to start paying taxes 1789

  23. Louis XVI feels pressured to pay taxes and LOCKS OUT THE REPRE-SENTATIVES OF THE THIRD ESTATE from Parliament 3rd estate feels its power The Tennis Court Oath

  24. 3rd Estate proclamation: The PEOPLE hold power! King: gathers forces to overthrow “The People” The Result: A “Headbutt”

  25. The People start their own national guard and raid Paris’ armories Steal 28,000 muskets …but they need gunpowder The Pressure Mounts

  26. Political prison Houses Paris’ gun powder reserves Known as a dungeon of torture The Bastille

  27. The people of Paris storm the Bastille Governor of Bastille locks down the prison The people break in They torture and kill him and the guards– mounting their heads on spikes… July 14, 1789: Bastille Day

  28. Revolutionaries wear red hats “san culottes” People demand a constitutional monarchy (equal rights of men) Jean Paul Marat starts The Friend of the People newspaper demanding vengeance for the people The Revolution has begun…

  29. Liberty Equality Fraternity!

  30. Hungry Children are hungry Take matters into their own hands… They storm the palace, decapitate the guards, and try to kill the queen The Women of the Revolution

  31. Paris women take Louis and Marie Antoinette hostage Austria and France go to war Prisoners

  32. Robespierre and revolutionaries fear sympathy for the aristocrats See “plots” everywhere Fear retaliation from Austria Solution: KILL ALL SYMPATHIZERS Paranoia

  33. Guillotine created

  34. The Revolution spins out of control Everyone suspected of treason Neighbors turned in neighbors Angry mobs become fanatical All nobles imprisoned and then slaughtered (1600+ people in a couple of days) The TERROR

  35. Robespierre • Attempts to gain control of revolution • Enlists the help of “police spies” to arrest people who are “counter revolution” • People begin to fear each other (who could be a spy?)

  36. De-Christianization (blamed for traditional thought) Priests disemboweled New calendar created Sept 1792 (overthrow of monarchy) becomes Year 1 “Enlightenment” destroys Catholic church

  37. The New Religion • Robespierre creates “The Festival of the Supreme Being” • The “Goddess of Reason” Cult replaces Catholic Church • Robespierre’s friends question his sanity

  38. 800 people per month guillotined for “treason” Robespierre makes a tactical error: he appears before people with a “new list” of traitors Everyone fear s/he is on the list Robespierre is taken prisoner in order to silence him. Terror continues…

  39. Robespierre tried to commit suicide… - Bullet shatters jaw - Can’t speak or eat - Guillotined! Revolution begins to calm down… 5 years later… Napoleon takes over France Irony?

  40. The Revolution ends

  41. How much violence is justified in achieving a better society? Do people have the right to overthrow what they feel is an unjust system? Some THEMATIC QUESTIONS you will ponder throughout the novel:

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