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Verblessness in Kēlen

How to get along without verbs. Verblessness in Kēlen. Four Relationals: LA object [statement-about-object] PA whole|set part|member NI object [statement-about-object] [ā|tō agent or force] SE object [ien statement-abt-object] [ke|to source] [mo goal].

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Verblessness in Kēlen

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  1. How to get along without verbs Verblessness in Kēlen

  2. Four Relationals: LA object [statement-about-object] PA whole|set part|member NI object [statement-about-object] [ā|tō agent or force] SE object [ien statement-abt-object] [ke|to source] [mo goal]

  3. Weather verbsNI, LAñi antārranniNI N.co(rain)It’s raining.la antārranniLA N.co(rain)There's rain.

  4. States LA, NI la jacēla jahūwa LA N.sg(bowl) N.sg(broken) The bowl is broken. ñi jacēla jahūwa NI N.sg(bowl) N.sg(broken) The bowl has broken.

  5. Involuntary Processes NI ñi sāen manōña NI 3p.sg N.an.sg(dead) He has died.

  6. Bodily functions SE, NI tamma japāta SE(PAST)+3p.sg.src N.sg(fart) He farted. (deliberately) ñamma japāta NI(PAST)+3p.sg.agent N.sg(fart) He made a fart.

  7. Loco-Motion NI ñi sāen rā jatāsen NI 3p.sg to N.sg(market) He went to the market.

  8. Simple Motion NI, SE ñi sāen mahārme NI 3p.sg N.an.sg(swim) She is swimming. tamma jahārme SE(past)+3p.sg.src N.sg(swim) She swam.

  9. Position NI, LA ñi sāen masērre sū jamūra NI 3p.sg N.an.sg(standing) at N.sg(bed) She is standing on the bed. la sāen masērre sū jamūra LA 3p.sg N.an.sg(standing) at N.sg(bed) She is standing on the bed.

  10. Actions SE, NI, LA tamma jajāra SE(PAST)+3p.sg.src N.sg(dance) She danced (a dance). ñi sāen majāra NI 3p.sg N.an.sg(dancing) She is dancing. la sāen majāra LA 3p.sg N.an.sg(dancing) She is dancing.

  11. Action-Processes NI ñamma sāen maλāta ā Kīþje NI+3p.sg.agent 3p.sg N.an.sg(killed) ā Kīþje Kīþje killed him.

  12. Creation (Factives) NI ōrra ñamma jacēla PAST NI+3sg.agent N.sg(bowl) She made the bowl.

  13. Cognition SE sele jaþēλa ien la jaþūna sū jatēwa SE+1p.sg.goal N.sg(thought) ien LA N.sg(book) at N.sg(table) I think the book is on the table.

  14. Sensation SE tema mo sarōña ien la jaþūna sū jatēwa SE(PAST)+3p.sg.goal mo N.3p(eyes) ien LA N.sg(book) at N.sg(table) She saw the book on the table.

  15. Emotion SE, NI, PA, LA sema jālne to jaþūna ja tema SE+3p.sg.goal N.sg(happy) to N.sg(book) that se(PAST)+3p.sg.goal He is happy with the book he got. ñi sāen mālne tō jaþūna ja tema NI 3p.sg N.an.sg(happy) to N.sg(book) that se(PAST)+3p.sg.goal He is happy with the book he got. la sāen mālne LA 3p.sg N.an.sg(happy) He is happy. pa sāen anālne PA 3p.sg N.st(happiness) He is happy.

  16. Utterance SE temle ien la jaþūna sū jatēwa SE(PAST)+3p.sg.src+1p.sg.goal ien LA N.sg(book) at N.sg(table) She told me the book is on the table.

  17. Transactions SE temle jaþūna se(PAST)+1p.sg.src+3p.sg.goal N.sg(book) She gave me the book.

  18. Manipulation NI, SE ñatta sāen majāra NI+3p.pc.agent 3p.sg N.an.sg(dancing) They made her dance. tetme jaserāe ien ñi sāen majāra SE(past)+3p.pc.src+3p.sg.goal N.sg(permission) ien NI 3p.sg N.an.sg(dancing) They gave her permission to dance.

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