Week 15 Group 4: Kindra Akridge Kimberly Villalva Zhiheng Zhou

1. The Mind Beyond our Immediate Awareness: Freudian, Jungian, and Cognitive Models of the Unconscious Week 15 Group 4: KindraAkridge Kimberly Villalva Zhiheng Zhou

2. What’s wrong with the “soup model? • It is not accurate at determining the cause for depression, schizophrenia, and anxiety. Brain circuits are more accurate when researching this. LeDoux's principals are supported.

3. Discuss LeDoux’ principles of brain circuit function. • Neural systems function more or less independently and carry out a separate function • Neural systems work in parallel • Parallel processing may also be coordinated by modulators

4. Discuss LeDoux’ principles of brain circuit function • Convergence zones • Neural processes that normally work more or less automatically can be reversed. • Emotional states monopolize brain resources • Imperfection reflects in implicit and explicit aspects of the self do not overlap completely.

5. 17. Present Cozolino’s ideas about psychotherapy’s neural underpinnings and how this connects with LeDoux’ thinking. Cozolino: focuses on two specific criteria for exploring how research about psychotherapeutic changes occurs: neural network growth and neural network integration. He assumes that “any form of psychotherapy is successful to the degree to which it enhances positive experiential change and underlying neural network growth and integration.” Six ways psychotherapy addresses neural systems. They are: • 1. The establishment of a safe and trusting relationship. • 2. Gaining new information and experiences across the domains of cognition, emotion, sensation, and behaviour. • 3. The simultaneous or alternating activation of neural networks that are inadequately integrated or dissociated. • 4. Moderate levels of stress or emotional arousal alternating with periods of calm and safety. • 5. The integration of conceptual knowledge with emotional and bodily experience through narratives that are co-constructed with the therapist. • 6. Developing a method of processing and organizing new experiences so as to continue ongoing growth and integration outside of therapy.

6. 17. Present Cozolino’s ideas about psychotherapy’s neural underpinnings and how this connects with LeDoux’ thinking. LeDoux’s principles for brain circuit communication all deal with neural network change or alternation as well. They specifically describe synaptic plasticity and how connections between neural systems are constantly being changed by experience. It is reasonable to assume that psychological growth and integration in psychotherapy happen because communication between brain circuits has been stimulated and that one or more of the processes described by LeDoux has been activated . Involving synchronous binding across brain regions, seems particularly relevant to what happens in psychotherapy, since it could explain how information may be integrated across the domains of cognition, emotion, sensation, and behaviour. Any good psychotherapy tries to accomplish and the fourth principle, convergence zones, in particular, deals with how the human brain accomplishes integration and self assembly.

7. 18. Discuss theoretical changes and their significance that have occurred between Freud’s time and modern work discussed in the article. • The explanations for how the unconscious functions have changed. • Roger Schank’s idea of non conscious are akin to depth psychology, but it does not ask those old ideas of why stories are told, how our mind uses them, and why they are being remembered. • No more is the focus on a latent level of meaning but on how we find meaning by using certain memory structures. • Stories are no longer conscious elaborations of experiences but the necessary cognitive structures which are dynamically changing as we integrate new experiences. • Innate expressions of for the symbols that form in treatment are not be viewed validate. Recent clinical accounts confirm that the ability to symbolize is acquired.

8. 19. The authors mention ways that we can take advantage of new data in improving therapeutic approaches… • New data should allow more precise understanding of how the analyst’s memory works and ways the analyst learns to use in. How the analyst structures the encounter from the particular way of remembering and obtaining meaning is a concern when it comes to training. The authors say we have neglected to search for ways to establish what effective analysts have in common and how they develop their abilities. • New data offers a further understanding of psychopathology and diagnosis, any may make it possible to pin point a more precisely aspects of the patient’s problems’. Data from neuroscience also seems to turn the table on the simplistic and market-driven claims of metal disorders being caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain. • New data allows us to review our understanding of early childhood condition. Studies in attachment theory may have a broad consequences in how we view many central issued about treatment. • New Data shed light on dreaming and dreams (the main source for understanding the unconscious). There is still disagreement about the neurological function of dreaming, but there is agreement that dreams may deal with how experiences are recorded into long-tem memory. Along with dreaming has things in common with other particular experiences such as altered stats, hypnotic states, and psychosis.

9. 19. …Tell the class what they think. They think the things their patients did or said in treatments reflect their unconscious activity. However, they think their unconscious is not limited to past experiences or underlying collective patterns of experiencing. What they bring to treatment are the ways of experiencing themselves. They also things that happen in a therapy hour will not be remember. We will mostly remember what we can connect to in some previous memory structure. They authors will absorb things about their patients that they may not have a conscious account, especially when it involves our emotional brain system. Much of the unconscious cannot be made conscious. Recent emphasis on synaptic plasticity and connection between neural systems constantly being changed by experience has given us a closer appreciation of psychotherapy as promoting learning.