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Urinary System Test Review

Urinary System Test Review . Medical Terminology. Parts of the Kidney. medulla. Cortex. hilum. -outer protective portion. Medulla. -inner soft portion. Hilum.

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Urinary System Test Review

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  1. Urinary System Test Review Medical Terminology

  2. Parts of the Kidney medulla • Cortex hilum -outer protective portion • Medulla -inner soft portion • Hilum -a depression located in the middle of the concave side of the kidney where blood vessels, nerves, and the ureters enter and exit the kidneys cortex Structure and Function kidney Parts of the kidneys

  3. Structure and Function • The ureter (ureter/o), carries urine (urin/o) from the kidney (ren/o, nephro/o) to the urinary bladder (cyst/o). • A person feels the urge to urinate (-uria) when the bladder has 1 cup of urine (urin/o)

  4. Flow of Urine glomerulus renal tubules renal pelvis renal calices Structure and Function Flow of Urine Nephron Renal artery Renal vein Ureter Renal medulla Renal capsule Renal cortex Filtered blood exits the kidneys via the renal vein. The renal tubules carry urine to ducts in the renal cortex. ureters

  5. Structure and Function Blood Flow Glomeruli Urine Flow Structure and Function • Blood flows through the glomerulus at a constant rate. • Each glomerulus is surrounded by a capsule known as Bowman’s capsule. • Blood then passes into the renal tubules where some substances are reabsorbed and the remaining become urine.

  6. Structure and Function • There are more than 1 million nephrons in each kidney (nephr/o, ren/o). Urine is produced by filtration of: • creatine • uric acid • sugar • urea • water • salts

  7. Terms and Meanings • Anuria:An without -uria urination • Anuria means without urine • Dysuria: Dys difficult/painful -uria urine/urination

  8. Combining Forms and Abbreviations Calix, cup like structure bladder glomerulus Meatus, opening kidney renal pelvis kidney Combining Forms and Abbreviations Combining Forms Meaning cali(o) cyst(o) glomerul(o) meato nephr(o) pyel(o) ren(o)

  9. Combining Forms [trigon(o)] trigone urine ureter urethra bladder Combining Forms and Abbreviations Meaning Combining Forms trigon(o) urin(o) ureter(o) urethr(o) vesic(o)

  10. Combining Forms [ADH] antidiuretic hormone albumin/globulin acute glomerulonephritis acute renal failure acute tubular nephrosis bladder neck obstruction blood urea nitrogen Combining Forms and Abbreviations Meaning Abbreviation ADH A/G AGN ARF ATN BNO BUN

  11. Combining Forms [CAPD] continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis catheter chlorine chronic renal failure cystoscopy end-stage renal disease extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy Combining Forms and Abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning CAPD Cath Cl CRF cysto ESRD ESWL

  12. Combining Forms [HD] hemodialysis intravenous pyelogram potassium kidney, ureter, bladder sodium power of hydrogen concentration phenylketonuria Combining Forms and Abbreviations Meaning Abbreviation HD IVP K+ KUB Na+ pH PKU

  13. Combining Forms [RP] retrograde pyelogram specific gravity urinalysis urinary tract infection voiding cystourethrogram Combining Forms and Abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning RP SG UA UTI VCU

  14. Blood Tests Diagnostic, Procedural and Laboratory Terms Blood Tests • Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) • Creatinine Clearance Test The presence of high amounts of urea or creatinine in the blood shows that the kidney is not properly filtering these substances.

  15. Imaging Tests Diagnostic, Procedural and Laboratory Terms Imaging Tests • Cystoscopy -tubular instrument used to examine the bladder • Intravenous Pyelogram -x-rays of the urinary tract after a contrast medium is injected into the bloodstream • KUB -x-ray of three parts of the urinary tract (kidney, ureter, and bladder) • Renal Scan -radioactive imaging used to diagnose kidney disorders

  16. Urinary Tract Procedures Diagnostic, Procedural and Laboratory Terms Dialysis solution Urinary Tract Procedures Dialysis • Hemodialysis • -the process of filtering blood outside the body in an artificial kidney machine that returns the blood back to the body after filtering. • Peritoneal dialysis (pictured) • -the insertion and removal of a dialysis solution into the peritoneal cavity. Peritoneal cavity Solution draining out Catheter Drained solution

  17. Inflammatory & Infectious Disorders Pathological Terms Urinary Tract Infection Glomerulonephritis Inflammatory & Infectious Disorders Nephritis Nephrosis Polycystic kidney disease Hydronephrosis Cystitis Nephroblastoma

  18. Pathological Terms Pathological Terms Terms Used to Describe Difficulties in Urination anuresis polyuria • Excessive urination • No urinary output incontinence dysuria • Involuntary discharge of urine or feces • Painful urination enuresis oliguria • Lack of bladder control • Scanty urination

  19. Surgical Terms Surgical Terms Parts of the urinary system may be surgically removed • Nephrectomy- removal of a kidney • Ureterectomy- removal of a ureter • Cystectomy- removal of the bladder Surgical repair procedures • Pyeloplasty- repair of the renal pelvis • Cystoplasty- repair of the bladder • Urethroplasty- repair of the urethra A urostomy is the creation of an artificial opening in the abdomen through which urine exits the body.

  20. Other Surgical Procedures Surgical Terms Other Surgical Procedures Nephrolysis • Removal of an adhesion in the kidney Nephrolithotomy • Removal of a kidney stone Nephropexy • Surgical fixation of the kidney Nephrorrhaphy • Suturing of a damaged kidney

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