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Comprehensive Guide to Infection Prevention and Control in Healthcare Settings

Stay informed about scientific knowledge on infection prevention and control, understand the chain of infection, learn about infectious agents, defense mechanisms, and methods of infection control in healthcare. This guide covers assessment, lab testing, nursing diagnosis, interventions, and evaluation to ensure effective infection control strategies.

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Comprehensive Guide to Infection Prevention and Control in Healthcare Settings

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  1. INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL

  2. SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE BASE • ENTRY AND MULTIPLICATION OF ORGANISM RESULTS IN DISEASE • COLONIZATION OCCURS WHEN A MICROORGANISM INVADES THE HOST BUT DOES NOT CAUSE INFECTION (INJURY TO CELLS) • COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

  3. CHAIN OF INFECTION • INFECTIOUS AGENT OR PATHOGEN • ENDOTOXINS • EXOTOXINS • SEE TABLE 29-1 PAGE 508 IGNATAVICIUS • SEE TABLE 33-1 PAGE 775 POTTER & PERRY • RESERVOIR OR SOURCE OF PATHOGEN GROWTH • CARRIERS

  4. CHAIN OF INFECTION • PORTAL OF EXIT • MODE OF TRANSMISSION • DIRECT OR INDIRECT • DROPLET • AIR • VECTOR • VEHICLES

  5. CHAIN OF INFECTION • PORTAL OF ENTRY • (MAY BE THE SAME AS PORTAL OF EXIT) • SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

  6. SUSCEPTIBLE HOST FACTORS

  7. INFECTIOUS PROCESS • INCUBATION PERIOD • PRODROMAL STAGE • ILLNESS STAGE • CONVALESCENCE

  8. INFECTIOUS ORGANISMS • PRIONS • VIRUSES • BACTERIA • FUNGI • PROTOZOA • HELMINTHS • MYCOPLASMS • RICKETTSIAE

  9. PORTAL OF ENTRY • RESPIRATORY • GI • GU • SKIN • MUCOS MEMBRANE • BLOOD STREAM

  10. DEFENSES AGAINST INFECTIONNON-SPECIFIC DEFENSES • NORMAL FLORA • BODY TISSUE • ORGAN SYSTEM DEFENSE • RESPIRATORY • GI • GU

  11. INFECTIOUS PROCESS • LOCALIZED • SYSTEMIC • PATHOGENICITY

  12. DEFENSES AGAINST INFECTIONNON-SPECIFIC DEFENSE • INFLAMMATION • PHAGOCYTOSIS • VASCULAR AND CELLULAR RESPONSE • EDEMA • PHAGOCYTOSIS • LEUKOCYTOSIS • INFLAMMATORY EXUDATE • SEROUS • SANGUINOUS • PURULENT

  13. SPECIFIC DEFENSES AGAINST INFECTION • CELL- MEDIATED IMMUNITY • ANTIBODY-MEDIATED IMMUNITY

  14. HEALTH CARE ASSOCIATED INFECTION (NOSOCOMIAL) • INFECTIONS ACQUIRED BY THE PATIENT IN THE HEALTH CARE SETTING WHICH WERE NOT PRESENT AT ADMISSION • EXOGENOUS • ENDOGENOUS • IATROGENIC

  15. METHODS OF INFECTION CONTROL • HAND HYGIENE • GLOVES • CDC GUIDELINES FOR DISINFECTION AND STERILIZATION • STANDARD, AIRBORNE, DROPLET, CONTACT • STANDARD PRECAUTIONS FOR ALL MODES OF TRANSMISSION

  16. ASSESSMENT OF PATIENT WITH SUSPECTED INFECTION • REVIEW OF PAST DISEASES • TRAVEL HISTORY • IMMUNIZATION HISTORY • STATUS OF DEFENSE MECHANISM • PATIENT SUSCEPTIBILITY • CLINICAL APPEARANCE AND MANIFESTATIONS

  17. LAB TESTING • CULTURE AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY TESTING • CBC • ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTARY RATE • WBC WITH DIFFERENTIAL • IRON LEVELS

  18. LAB TESTING • SEROLOGIC TESTING • RADIOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT

  19. NURSING DIAGNOSIS AND PLANNING • NANDA APPROVED DIAGNOSIS • GOALS AND OUTCOMES • MEASURABLE • REALISTIC • PRIORITIES

  20. INTERVENTIONS • MEDICAL AND SURGICAL ASEPSIS • CONTROL/ELIMINATION OF INFECTIOUS AGENTS • CONTROL/ELIMINATION OF: • MODES OF TRANSMISSION • PORTALS OF ENTRY • RESERVOIRS • HAND HYGIENE (HCP, PATIENT, FAMILY)

  21. INTERVENTIONS • ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS • HYPERTHERMIA INTERVENTION • ELIMINATE UNDERLYING CAUSE • FEVER MANAGEMENT • HEALTH TEACHING • ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY • PSYCHOSOCIAL SUPPORT • HEALTH CARE RESOURCES

  22. EVALUATION • MEASURE SUCCESS OF INFECTION CONTROL TECHNIQUES • COMPARE PATIENT’S RESPONSE TO ACTUAL OUTCOME • WHAT WILL YOU DO IF GOAL/OUTCOMES NOT ACHIEVED?

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