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GEODETIC DATUMS STATE PLANE COORDINATES and DATUM TRANSFORMATIONS NEGIS 2002 BOXBORO, MA

GEODETIC DATUMS STATE PLANE COORDINATES and DATUM TRANSFORMATIONS NEGIS 2002 BOXBORO, MA MAY 15, 2002 Dave Doyle National Geodetic Survey Chief Geodetic Surveyor Dave.Doyle@noaa.gov, (301) 713-3178. ACRONYMS US. R. NAD 27. ITRF 97. GRS 80. WGS 84. NAVD 88. EGM 96.

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GEODETIC DATUMS STATE PLANE COORDINATES and DATUM TRANSFORMATIONS NEGIS 2002 BOXBORO, MA

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  1. GEODETIC DATUMS STATE PLANE COORDINATES and DATUM TRANSFORMATIONS NEGIS 2002 BOXBORO, MA MAY 15, 2002 Dave Doyle National Geodetic Survey Chief Geodetic Surveyor Dave.Doyle@noaa.gov, (301) 713-3178

  2. ACRONYMSUS R NAD 27 ITRF 97 GRS 80 WGS 84 NAVD 88 EGM 96 GEOID 99 NGVD 29 GEOID 96 NAD 83

  3. NATIONAL GEODETIC SURVEY • INFORMATION CENTER • (301) 713-3242 • info_center@ngs.noaa.gov WEB SITE http://www.ngs.noaa.gov

  4. NATIONALSPATIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM • The National Spatial Reference System (NSRS) is that component of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) - [http://www.fgdc.gov/nsdi/nsdi.html] which contains all geodetic control contained in the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) Data Base. This includes: A, B, First, Second and Third-Order horizontal and vertical control, Geoid models such as GEOID 99, precise GPS orbits and Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS), and the National Shoreline as observed by NGS as well as data submitted by other Federal, State, and local agencies, Academic Institutions and the private sector

  5. NATIONAL SPATIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM • ACCURATE -- cm accuracy on a global scale • MULTIPURPOSE -- Supports Geodesy, Geophysics, Land Surveying, Navigation, Mapping, Charting and GIS activities • ACTIVE -- Accessible through Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) and derived products • INTEGRATED -- Related to International services and standards (e.g. International Earth Rotation Service, International • GPS Service etc.)

  6. METADATA • METADATA IS DATA ABOUT DATA • DATUMS • NAD 27, NAD 83(1986), NAD83 (199X), NGVD29, NAVD88 • UNITS • Meters, U.S. Survey Feet, International Feet, Chains, Rods, Pole • ACCURACY • A, B, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 3cm, Scaled

  7. METADATA?? Horizontal Datum?? Plane Coordinate Zone ?? Units of Measure ?? How Accurate ??

  8. DATUMS • A set of constants specifying the coordinate system used for geodetic control, i.e., for calculating coordinates of points on the Earth. Specific geodetic datums are usually given distinctive names. (e.g., North American Datum of 1983, European Datum 1950, National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929)

  9. HORIZONTAL DATUMS • 8 Constants • 3 – specify the location of the origin of the coordinate system. • 3– specify the orientation of the coordinate system. • 2 – specify the dimensions of the reference ellipsoid

  10. VERTICAL DATUMS • A set of fundamental elevations to which other elevations are referred.

  11. THE ELLIPSOIDMATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE EARTH N b a S a = Semi major axis b = Semi minor axis f = a-b = Flattening a

  12. ELLIPSOID - GEOID RELATIONSHIP H = Orthometric Height(NAVD 88) h = Ellipsoidal Height (NAD 83) H = h - N N = Geoid Height (GEOID 99) H TOPOGRAPHIC SURFACE h N GEOID99 Ellipsoid GRS80 Geoid

  13. UNITED STATESELLIPSOID DEFINITIONS BESSEL 1841 a = 6,377,397.155 m 1/f = 299.1528128 CLARKE 1866 a = 6,378,206.4 m 1/f = 294.97869821 GEODETIC REFERENCE SYSTEM 1980 - (GRS 80) a = 6,378,137 m 1/f = 298.257222101 WORLD GEODETIC SYSTEM 1984 - (WGS 84) a = 6,378,137 m 1/f = 298.257223563

  14. HORIZONTAL DATUMS • BESSEL1841 -------------- LOCAL ASTRO DATUMS (1816-1879) • NEW ENGLAND DATUM (1879-1901) • U.S. STANDARD DATUM (1901-1913) • NORTH AMERICAN DATUM (1913-1927) • NORTH AMERICAN DATUM OF 1927 • OLD HAWAIIAN DATUM • CLARKE 1866PUERTO RICO DATUM • ST. GEORGE ISLAND - ALASKA • ST. LAWRENCE ISLAND - ALASKA • ST. PAUL ISLAND - ALASKA • AMERICAN SAMOA 1962 • GUAM 1963 • GRS80 ----------- NORTH AMERICAN DATUM OF 1983 • (As of June 14, 1989)

  15. THE GEOID AND TWO ELLIPSOIDS CLARKE 1866 GRS80-WGS84 Earth Mass Center Approximately 236 meters GEOID

  16. COMPARISON OF DATUM ELEMENTS • NAD 27NAD 83 • ELLIPSOID CLARKE 1866 GRS80 • a = 6,378,206.4 m a = 6,378,137. M • 1/f = 294.9786982 1/f = 298.257222101 • DATUM POINT Triangulation Station NONE • MEADES RANCH, KANSAS EARTH MASS CENTER • ADJUSTMENT 25k STATIONS 250k STATIONS • Several Hundred Base Lines Appox. 30k EDMI Base Lines • Several Hundred Astro Azimuths 5k Astro Azimuths • Doppler Point Positions • VLBI Vectors • BEST FITTING North America World-Wide

  17. NAD 27 and NAD 83

  18. NAD 83 NETWORK PROBLEMS • NOT “GPSABLE” POOR STATION ACCESSIBILITY IRREGULARLY SPACED POSITIONAL ACCURACY

  19. HIGH ACCURACY REFERENCE NETWORKS • “GPSABLE” • Clear Horizons for Satellite Signal Acquisition • EASY ACCESSIBILITY • Few Special Vehicle or Property Entrance Requirements • REGULARLY SPACED • Always within 20-100 Km • HIGH HORIZONTAL ACCURACY • A-Order (5 mm + 1:10,000,000) • B-Order (8mm + 1:1,000,000)

  20. HIGH ACCURACY REFERENCE NETWORKS

  21. WORLD GEODETIC SYSTEM 1984TR8350.2 World Geodetic System 1984 - It’s Definition andRelationships with Local Geodetic Systems(http://www.nima.mil/GandG/pubs.html) DATUM = WGS 84 RELEASED - SEPTEMBER 1987 BASED ON OBSERVATIONS AT MORE THAN 1900 DOPPLER STATIONS DATUM = WGS 84(G730) 5 USAF GPS Tracking Stations 5 DMA Evaluation Stations Datum redefined with respect to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame of 1992 (ITRF92) +/- 20 cm in each component (Proceedings of the ION GPS-94 pgs 285-292) DATUM = WGS 84(G873) 5 USAF GPS Tracking Stations 7 NIMA Evaluation Stations Datum redefined with respect to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame of 1994 (ITRF94) +/- 10 cm in each component (Proceedings of the ION GPS-97 pgs 841-850)

  22. I NEED TO TRANSFORMBETWEEN WGS 84 AND NAD 83 Federal Register Notice: Vol. 60, No. 157, August 15, 1995, pg. 42146 “Use of NAD 83/WGS 84 Datum Tag on Mapping Products”

  23. MY SOFTWARE SAYS I’M WORKING IN WGS-84 Unless you doing autonomous positioning (point positioning +/- 6-10 meters) you’re probably NOT in WGS-84 Project tied to WGS-84 control points obtained from the Defense Department -- Good Luck! You’re really working in the same reference frame as your control points -- NAD 83?

  24. VERTICAL DATUMS • MEAN SEA LEVEL DATUM OF 1929 • NATIONAL GEODETIC VERTICAL DATUM OF 1929 • (As of July 2, 1973) • NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM OF 1988 • (As of June 24, 1993)

  25. COMPARISON OF VERTICAL DATUM ELEMENTS • NGVD 29NAVD 88 • DATUM DEFINITION 26 TIDE GAUGES FATHER’S POINT/RIMOUSKI • IN THE U.S. & CANADA QUEBEC, CANADA • BENCH MARKS 100,000 450,000 • LEVELING (Km) 102,724 1,001,500 • GEOID FITTING Distorted to Fit MSL Gauges Best Continental Model

  26. NGVD 29 and NAVD 88

  27. GEODETIC CONTROL • NETWORK OF MONUMENTED POINTS • PRECISELY MEASURED IN ACCORDANCE • WITH STANDARD PROCEDURES • MEET ACCURACY SPECIFICATIONS • ADJUSTED TO TIE TOGETHER • DOCUMENTED FOR MULTIPLE USE

  28. Stainless steel rod driven to refusal Poured in place concrete post

  29. IMPROVING POSITIONAL ACCURACY • TIME NETWORK LOCAL • NETWORK SPAN ACCURACY ACCURACY • NAD 27 1927-1986 10 Meters First-Order (1 part in 0.1 million) • NAD 83 1986-1990 1 Meter First-Order(1 part in 0.1 million) • HARN 1987-1997 0.1 Meter B-Order(1 part in 1 million) • A-Order (1 part in 10 million) • CORS 1994 - 0.02 Meter - Horizontal • 0.04 Meter - Ellipsoid Height

  30. GEODETIC CONTROL DATA SHEET 1 National Geodetic Survey, Retrieval Date = MARCH 22, 2002 PG1953 *********************************************************************** PG1953 CBN - This is a Cooperative Base Network Control Station. PG1953 DESIGNATION - RED STONE PG1953 PID - PG1953 PG1953 STATE/COUNTY- VT/CHITTENDEN PG1953 USGS QUAD - BURLINGTON (1987) PG1953 PG1953 *CURRENT SURVEY CONTROL PG1953 ___________________________________________________________________ PG1953* NAD 83(1996)- 44 28 13.93221(N) 073 11 46.77900(W) ADJUSTED PG1953* NAVD 88 - 131.448 (meters) 431.26 (feet) ADJUSTED PG1953 ___________________________________________________________________ PG1953 X - 1,317,997.539 (meters) COMP PG1953 Y - -4,364,407.415 (meters) COMP PG1953 Z - 4,445,624.167 (meters) COMP PG1953 LAPLACE CORR- 5.29 (seconds) DEFLEC99 PG1953 ELLIP HEIGHT- 102.43 (meters) GPS OBS PG1953 GEOID HEIGHT- -28.99 (meters) GEOID99 PG1953 DYNAMIC HT - 131.434 (meters) 431.21 (feet) COMP PG1953 MODELED GRAV- 980,510.5 (mgal) NAVD 88 PG1953 PG1953 HORZ ORDER - B PG1953 VERT ORDER - FIRST CLASS II PG1953 ELLP ORDER - FOURTH CLASS I H = h - N 131.45 = 102.43 - (-28.99) 131.45 = 131.42

  31. GEODETIC CONTROL DATA SHEET • PG1953.The horizontal coordinates were established by GPS observations • PG1953.and adjusted by the National Geodetic Survey in July 1997. • PG1953 • PG1953.The orthometric height was determined by differential leveling • PG1953.and adjusted by the National Geodetic Survey in January 1997. PG1953.WARNING-GPS observations at this control monument resulted in a GPS PG1953.derived orthometric height which differed from the leveled height by PG1953.more than one decimeter (0.1 meter). • PG1953 • PG1953.The X, Y, and Z were computed from the position and the ellipsoidal ht. • PG1953 • PG1953.The Laplace correction was computed from DEFLEC99 derived deflections. PG1953 • PG1953.The ellipsoidal height was determined by GPS observations • PG1953.and is referenced to NAD 83. • PG1953 • PG1953.The geoid height was determined by GEOID99. • PG1953 • PG1953.The dynamic height is computed by dividing the NAVD 88 • PG1953.geopotential number by the normal gravity value computed on the PG1953.Geodetic Reference System of 1980 (GRS 80) ellipsoid at 45 • PG1953.degrees latitude (g = 980.6199 gals.). • PG1953 • PG1953.The modeled gravity was interpolated from observed gravity values.

  32. GEODETIC CONTROL DATA SHEET • PG1953; North East Units Scale Converg. • PG1953;SPC VT - 219,159.011 444,595.449 MT 1.00000202 -0 29 16.1 • PG1953;SPC NY E - 626,869.368 253,722.510 MT 1.00003226 +0 54 48.1 • PG1953;UTM 18 - 4,925,718.619 643,460.573 MT 0.99985310 +1 15 49.5 PG1953 PG1953: Primary Azimuth Mark Grid Az PG1953:SPC VT - RED STONE AZ MK RESET 126 15 46.8 PG1953:SPC NY E - RED STONE AZ MK RESET 124 51 42.6 PG1953:UTM 18 - RED STONE AZ MK RESET 124 30 41.2 • PG1953 • PG1953|---------------------------------------------------------------------| PG1953| PID Reference Object Distance Geod. Az | PG1953| dddmmss.s | PG1953| PG1954 BURLINGTON N MUNICIPAL TANK APPROX. 0.7 KM 0202629.6 | PG1953| RED STONE AZ MK 0764150.3 | PG1953| AB7739 RED STONE AZ MK RESET 1254630.7 | PG1953| PG1949 BURLINGTON UNIV VT SOWICK DOME 166.054 METERS 23127 | PG1953| PG2674 RED STONE RM 1 40.420 METERS 23657 | PG1953| PG1950 BURLINGTON UNIV VERMONT TANK 106.076 METERS 28246 | PG1953| PG1941 BURLINGTON ST JOSEPH CATH CH APPROX. 2.0 KM 3143629.0 | PG1953| PG1947 BURLINGTON IRA ALLEN CHAPEL APPROX. 1.1 KM 3471905.1 | PG1953| PG2709 RED STONE RM 2 34.558 METERS 35409 | PG1953|---------------------------------------------------------------------|

  33. GEODETIC CONTROL DATA SHEET • PG1953 SUPERSEDED SURVEY CONTROL • PG1953 • PG1953 ELLIP HT - 102.44 (m) GP( ) 1 1 PG1953 NAD 83(1992)- 44 28 13.93023(N) 073 11 46.77821(W) AD( ) B PG1953 ELLIP HT - 102.38 (m) GP( ) 1 1 PG1953 NAD 83(1992)- 44 28 13.93006(N) 073 11 46.77820(W) AD( ) B PG1953 ELLIP HT - 102.37 (m) GP( ) 4 1 PG1953 NAD 83(1986)- 44 28 13.93833(N) 073 11 46.77608(W) AD( ) 2 PG1953 NAD 27 - 44 28 13.76100(N) 073 11 48.32000(W) AD( ) 2 PG1953 • PG1953.Superseded values are not recommended for survey control. • PG1953.NGS no longer adjusts projects to the NAD 27 or NGVD 29 datums. • PG1953.See file dsdata.txt to determine how the superseded data were derived. • PG1953 • PG1953_MARKER: DS = TRIANGULATION STATION DISK • PG1953_SETTING: 66 = SET IN ROCK OUTCROP • PG1953_STAMPING: RED STONE 1943 • PG1953_MARK LOGO: CGS • PG1953_MAGNETIC: N = NO MAGNETIC MATERIAL • PG1953_STABILITY: A = MOST RELIABLE AND EXPECTED TO HOLD • PG1953+STABILITY: POSITION/ELEVATION WELL • PG1953_SATELLITE: THE SITE LOCATION WAS REPORTED AS SUITABLE FOR PG1953+SATELLITE: SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS - May 03, 2000

  34. GEODETIC CONTROL DATA SHEET • PG1953 HISTORY - Date Condition Report By • PG1953 HISTORY - 1943 MONUMENTED CGS • PG1953 HISTORY - 1943 GOOD CGS • PG1953 HISTORY - 1956 MARK NOT FOUND CGS • PG1953 HISTORY - 1958 GOOD CGS • PG1953 HISTORY - 1963 GOOD CGS • PG1953 HISTORY - 1964 GOOD CGS • PG1953 HISTORY - 1964 GOOD CGS • PG1953 HISTORY - 1967 GOOD CGS • PG1953 HISTORY - 19920312 GOOD VTAT • PG1953 HISTORY - 19940614 GOOD NYDT • PG1953 HISTORY - 19950808 GOOD VTAT • PG1953 HISTORY - 19970102 GOOD VTGS • PG1953 HISTORY - 20000503 GOOD VTGS • PG1953 • PG1953 STATION DESCRIPTION • PG1953 • PG1953'DESCRIBED BY COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY 1943 (PLB) • PG1953'THE STATION IS LOCATED ABOUT 0.6 MILE SOUTHEAST OF THE CENTER • PG1953'OF THE CITY OF BURLINGTON, ON THE GROUNDS OF THE UNIVERSITY • PG1953'OF VERMONT. IT IS ABOUT 0.1 MILE NORTHEAST OF SOUTHWICK • PG1953'HALL, 0.05 MILE EAST OF THE WATER TANK, SET IN A BOULDER ON • PG1953'A SMALL KNOLL IN THE CENTER OF A TRUCK GARDEN, ABOUT 80 FEET PG1953'EAST OF THE DIRT ROAD AROUND THE WEST SIDE OF THE GARDEN, • PG1953'AND 115 FEET SOUTH OF THE DIRT ROAD AROUND THE NORTH SIDE OF

  35. CONTINUOUSLY OPERATING REFERENCE STATIONS (CORS) • Installed and Operated by various Federal-State-local Agencies • NOAA/National Geodetic Survey • NOAA/OAR Forecast Systems Lab • U.S. Coast Guard - DGPS/NDGPS • Corps of Engineers - DGPS • FAA - WAAS/LAAS (Future) • State DOTs • County and City • Academia • Private Companies CHL1 - CAPE HENLOPEN, DE

  36. CONTINUOUSLY OPERATING REFERENCE STATIONS (CORS) • Variety of “Geodetic Quality” Dual-Frequency • Antennas and Receivers • Allen-Osborne • (SNR 8000 & SNR 12 ACT) • Ashtech • (UZ-12, Z-XII3) • Leica • (SR9500 & CRS1000, LEIAT5, RS500) • Trimble • (4000SS, 4700, 5700) CHL1 - CAPE HENLOPEN, DE

  37. CONTINUOUSLY OPERATING REFERENCE STATIONS (CORS) • Some stations broadcast real-time correctors • 5 - 15 - 30” post-process carrier phase observations • Free access via Internet (RINEX-2 Format) • More than 275 Station National Network

  38. CONTINUOUSLY OPERATING REFERENCE STATIONS (CORS) • NGS PROVIDES • Reference Site Survey Monumentation • Horizontal and Vertical NSRS Connections • NAD 83, ITRF94, ITRF96, ITRF97, ITRF00 Coordinates • Network Data Collection - Hourly & Daily • Daily 3D Network Integrity Adjustment • Public Data Distribution - Internet • (http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/CORS/cors-data.html) • 7 Year On-Line Data Holding

  39. NEWPORT, RHODE ISLAND

  40. CORS DATA SHEET • ***ITRF 00*** NAVAL STATION NEW (NPRI), RHODE ISLAND Retrieved from NGS DataBase on 04/06/02 at 18:11:30. ____________________________________________________________________________ | || Antenna Reference Point(ARP): NAVAL STATION NEW CORS ARP || -------------------------------------------------------- || PID = AI3285 || || || ITRF00 POSITION (EPOCH 1997.0) || Computed in Aug. 2001 using every third day of data through 2000. || X = 1531392.471 m latitude = 41 30 35.44671 N || Y = -4531474.016 m longitude = 071 19 39.12747 W || Z = 4204982.604 m ellipsoid height = -13.015 m || || ITRF00 VELOCITY || Predicted with HTDP_2.5 in Aug. 2001. || VX = -0.0165 m/yr northward = 0.0044 m/yr || VY = -0.0025 m/yr eastward = -0.0164 m/yr || VZ = 0.0033 m/yr upward = 0.0000 m/yr |

  41. CORS DATA SHEET • ***NAD 83*** | || NAD_83 POSITION (EPOCH 2002.0) || Transformed from ITRF00 (epoch 1997.0) position in Mar. 2002. || X = 1531393.023 m latitude = 41 30 35.41588 N || Y = -4531475.481 m longitude = 071 19 39.12515 W || Z = 4204982.718 m ellipsoid height = -11.768 m || || NAD_83 VELOCITY || Transformed from ITRF00 velocity in Mar. 2002. || VX = 0.0005 m/yr northward = -0.0014 m/yr || VY = -0.0006 m/yr eastward = 0.0003 m/yr || VZ = -0.0012 m/yr upward = -0.0002 m/yr ||____________________________________________________________________________|

  42. OPUS – WHAT IS IT? • On-line Positioning User Service • Provide GPS users faster & easier access to the National Spatial Reference System (NSRS)

  43. OPUS – HOW DOES IT WORK? • Submit RINEX file through NGS web page • Processed automatically with NGS computers & software • With respect to 3 suitable National CORS • Solution via email in minutes

  44. OPUS – HOW DO I USE IT? • Go to OPUS web page www.ngs.noaa.gov/OPUS • Enter your email address • Use browse feature to select RINEX file on your computer • Select antenna type from menu • Enter antenna height in meters • Option to select State Plane Zone • Click UPLOAD • Check your email in a few minutes

  45. Note: Your solutions will be archived and be publicly available. Your e-mail address will not be retained once the solution is e-mailed to you.

  46. PLANE COORDINATE SYSTEMS • STATE PLANE AND UNIVERSIAL TRANSVERSE MERCATOR GRID COORDINATES ARE A DIRECT MATHEMATICAL CONVERSION FROM LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE TO A CARTESIAN NORTHING AND EASTING (Y & X) COORDINATE SYSTEM, AND MUSTMAINTAIN THE SAME DATUM TAG [e.g. NAD 83(1996)] AS THE LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE NATIONAL OCEAN SERVICE

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