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AGROECOLOGY

Ecological Processes in Sustainable Agriculture. AGROECOLOGY. AGRICULTURE IS IN CRISIS. Akibat budidaya tanaman yang salah. Kualitas air sungai menurun . Sedimentasi waduk Kapasitas waduk turun drastis Mata air berkurang (siklus hidrologi) Banjir di musim hujan

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AGROECOLOGY

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  1. Ecological Processes in Sustainable Agriculture AGROECOLOGY

  2. AGRICULTURE IS IN CRISIS

  3. Akibatbudidayatanaman yang salah

  4. Kualitas air sungai menurun. Sedimentasi waduk Kapasitas waduk turun drastis Mata air berkurang (siklus hidrologi) Banjir di musim hujan Kekeringan di musim kemarau

  5. What is agroecology? • Agroecology is • a scientific discipline that uses ecological theory to study, design, manage and evaluate agricultural systems that are productive but also resource conserving • concerned with the maintenance of a productive agriculture that sustains yields and optimizes the use of local resources while minimizing the negative environmental and socio-economic impacts of modern technologies.

  6. AgroecologyScience, technology, object, goal & motivation

  7. The science of agroecology, which is defined as the application of ecological concepts and principles to the design and management of sustainable agroecosystems, provides a framework to assess the complexity of agroecosystems (Altieri, 1995).

  8. Ecological principles • Enhance recycling of biomass and optimizing nutrient availability and balancing nutrient flow. • Securing favorable soil conditions for plant growth, particularly by managing organic matter and enhancing soil biotic activity. • Minimizing losses due to flows of solar radiation, air and water by way of microclimate management, water harvesting and soil management through increased soil cover. • Species and genetic diversification of the agroecosystem in time and space. • Enhance beneficial biological interactions and synergisms among agrobiodiversity components thus resulting in the promotion of key ecological processes and services

  9. Ekologi Pertanian • Ekologi = ilmuygmempelajarihubunganantarmakhlukhidup, danhubunganantarmakhlukhidupdenganlingkungannya. • EkologiPertanian = ilmuyang mempelajarisistempertaniandenganmenggunakankaidah-kaidahekologi. • Tujuanekologipertanianadalah : mempelajarisistempertaniandenganmenggunakankaidah-kaidahekologisehinggapenerapanteknologipertaniantidakmerusaklingkungan. • Mengapahalituperludilakukan?

  10. Perkembangan Pertanian jaman kuno - sekarang • Pertanian kuno (purba) : • mengambil hasil pertanian tanpa menanam • menanam di lahan sempit secara sederhana • pertanian ladang berpindah (shifting cultivation) • berpindah tempat baru jika hasil tanaman sudah turun • kembali ke tempat semula setelah 7-10 putaran • teknologi masih sederhana (input luar rendah) • hasil untuk keluarga (subsisten)

  11. Pertaniantradisional: pertaniandengansistemmenetap pengolahantanahdengantenagamanusia/hewan, bibitmenggunakanjenislokal, hasilpanenygbaikdipilihuntukbibit pemupukandenganpupukorganik, pengairansistemtadahhujan, pengendalianhamapenyakitsecaramanual (low external input agriculture) Bibitlokalrentanseranganhama/penyakit rasa padienak Hasilpadirendah Umurtanaman lama (± 6 bulan)

  12. Pertanian modern (revolusihijau): pengolahantanahsecaramekanik (mesin)sewa bibitunggulhasilpersilanganbuatan bibitselalubeli, danbutuhunsurharatinggi penggunaanpupuk an organik(height external imput agriculture) Varietas lokal musnah Ketergantungan input dari luar tanahsawahkekuranganbahanorganik pencemarantanah, air danudara

  13. pengairan sistem irigasi pengendalian hama/ penyakit secara rutin pakai pestisida buatan penggunaan hormon tumbuh Intensif tanam (3 x /thn) makhluk hidup bukan sasaran mati ledakan hama sekunder (wereng coklat) polusi pestisida ke tanah dan air

  14. Pertanian sehat (sustainable agriculture): menggunakan prinsip-prinsip ekologis penurunan penggunan pupuk buatan dan memberikan pupuk organik penggunaan pestisida organik pengendalian HPT secara terpadu (LEIA) Rendemen padi lebih tinggi Perlu waktu cukup lama untuk memberikan hasil tinggi

  15. SistemPertanianKonvensionaldi Indonesia • PertanianKonvensional: • Maksimalproduksi • Maksimal profit Tanpamemperhatikankonsekuensijangkapanjangdandinamikaekologidarisistempertanian

  16. Praktek-praktekdasarpertaniankonvensional • Pengolahan tanah intensif (Intensive tillage) • Monokultur • Pemupukan anorganik • Penggunaan pestisida kimia sintetik • Manipulasi genetik (genetic manipulation) • Height External Input Agriculture (HEIA)

  17. Why Conventional Agriculture Is Not Sustainable ? • Soil Degradation • Waste and Overuse of Water • Pollution of the Environment • Dependence on External Inputs (HEIA) • Loss of Genetic Diversity • Loss of Local Control over Agric.Production

  18. Toward Sustainability • Sustainability is achieved through alternative agriculture practices informed by indepth knowledge of the ecological processes ocurring in farm fields AGROECOLOGY

  19. Sistem pertanian seperti apa yang dibutuhkan? Extensif Intensif Foto: Cho

  20. Soal: • Jelaskan tentang kelebihan dan kekurangan masing-masing sistem pertanian yang ada? • Jelaskan mengapa sistem pertanian konvensional tidak sustainable dan bagaimana solusinya? • Mengapa sistem pertanian mengalami perubahan?

  21. Tugas untuk mahasiswa: • Menulis esay dan dikritisi mengenai kerusakan lingkungan pertanian dalam kaitan dengan sistem pertanian konvensional

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