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The First Electronic Computer

The First Electronic Computer . The first electronic computer and how it developed . Announcements. Lab 101 is NOT booked for Thursday. You need to go to Lab LG 25 and LG 26 . New Lab Allocations are Online on the website There were a small number of students unregistered.

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The First Electronic Computer

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  1. The First Electronic Computer The first electronic computer and how it developed

  2. Announcements • Lab 101 is NOT booked for Thursday. You need to go to Lab LG 25 and LG 26. • New Lab Allocations are Online on the website • There were a small number of students unregistered. • Attend the labs. • Present yourselves to a tutorial assistant next week • Book: Java Concepts by Cay S. Horstmann • Java Version is not very important

  3. Definition • com·put·er • A device that computes, especially a programmable electronic machine that performs high-speed mathematical or logical operations or that assembles, stores, correlates, or otherwise processes information. • One who computes. • From www.dictionary.com

  4. Origin: The Birth of the Electronic Computer • 1944: in the middle of World War II • The US military needed firing tables; lists of numbers to indicate which angle to aim a gun.

  5. Firing Angle

  6. Firing Angle

  7. Firing Table • When the military produced a new type of gun they also needed a firing table, so that soldiers could accurately aim the gun.

  8. The First Computers • A group of women performed the calculations • They were called computers. • Many new guns were being designed and there weren’t enough human computers to calculate the firing tables.

  9. Two Engineers • John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert wanted to build an electronic computer. • They decided to approach the army for funding. • They got half a million dollars and built a huge machine, the ENIAC. • Completed in 1946 too late for the war!

  10. The ENIAC • The ENIAC had 18000 valves. (A valve is an electronic switch that resembled a bulb). • Every few hours one of the valves would burn out and would have to be replaced. • Six female mathematicians were recruited to program it. • It could multiply 500 numbers in a second.

  11. The ENIAC

  12. Accumulator(28 vacuum tubes)

  13. That was a brief look at the origin • Electronic computing is relatively recent. • Initially used to solve mathematical equations. Computers are fast and don’t get bored. • Computers have become much faster, better, smaller and cheaper. • How?

  14. Transistors • The Transistor was invented in 1947. • A transistor performed the same function as a valve but was faster, cheaper and more reliable: • Transistors were the real heroes of the computer revolution. • A transistor was etched onto silicon. • Ingenious techniques were developed to place millions of them on a single silicon chip. (An Integrated Circuit.)

  15. Integrated Circuits

  16. Inside the Chip CPU (Microprocessor Chip) • Brain of the computer • Made of Integrated Circuits (ICs), which have millions of tiny transistors and other components • Performs all calculations & executes all instructions • Example chips for PC: • Intel (Celeron, Pentium) • AMD (K-6 and Athlon)

  17. The silicon chip - magnified

  18. Moore’s Law • In 1965 Gordon Moore graphed data about growth in memory chip performance. • Realized each new chip roughly twice capacity of predecessor, and released within ~2 yrs of it => computing power would rise exponentially over relatively brief periods of time. • Still fairly accurate. In 30 years, no of transistors on a chip has increased ~20,000 times, from 2,300 on the 4004 in 1971 to 42 million on the Pentium® IV.

  19. Intel processors • CPU Year Data Memory MIPS • 4004 1971 4 1K • 8008 1972 8 16K • 8080 1974 8 64K • 8088 1980 8 1M .33 • 80286 1982 16 1M 3 • 80386 1985 32 4G 11 • 80486 1989 32 4G 41 • Pentium1993 64 4G 111

  20. Current uses of Computers • Solve mathematical problems. • Store and present information. • Process information. • Play chess (and other games). • DNA sequencing. • In machinery; computers are in • every modern car engine (and airbags - Bosch) • every digital camera and … • planes, boats, factories, video recorders, microwave ovens, medical equipment …

  21. TimeLine • 1946 ENIAC 1st usable electronic computer • 1947 Transistor invented • 1978 Apple II: first popular computer • 1984 Dell founded in Texas by 19-year old Michael Dell • 1990 Web invented (Tim Berners-Lee) in Geneva • 1997 A Computer (Deep Blue) defeats the Human World Chess Champion, Gary Kasparov. • 1999 DCU doubles intake on Computing Degree. • 2003 Panic causes students to avoid computing

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