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Kidney Transplant

H umans normally have 2 kidneys however, they can function quite normally with 1 This allows kidney transplant to be possible Donating 1 kidney to someone else. Kidney Transplant. First kidney transplant 1954 Peter Bent Brighton donated to his twin brother who was suffering kidney disease

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Kidney Transplant

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  1. Humans normally have 2 kidneys however, they can function quite normally with 1 • This allows kidney transplant to be possible • Donating 1 kidney to someone else Kidney Transplant

  2. First kidney transplant 1954 • Peter Bent Brighton donated to his twin brother who was suffering kidney disease • Recipient was able to live another 8 years • Donor lived another 50 years Kidney Transplant

  3. Kidney transplant is a very long process • Must find a match where • Blood type, antigen type and cross match all match Kidney transplant

  4. Kidney transplant Blood types must match Different blood types have anti-bodies against other blood types

  5. HLA Typing • HLA stands for human leukocyte antigen • Antigens are proteins on the cells in the body • six that have been shown to be the most important in organ transplantation • Of these six antigens, we inherit three from each parent • Very rare to find a match of all 6 antigens (1 in 100 000) • Can still reject kidney even with a match of 6 antigens Kidney transplant

  6. Cross Matching • Blood from the donor and recipient are mixed • If the recipient’s cells attack and kill the donor cells, the crossmatch is considered positive. • This means the recipient has antibodies “against” the donor’s cells. • If the crossmatch is negative, the pair is considered compatible. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h5NyHVjROj0 Kidney transplant

  7. Any ethical issues? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ur7WRvh_un4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-tcAFhAfC2k https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a-zDqtjRMok Kidney transplant

  8. Two needles are inserted into blood stream • Plastic tubes attached to these needles connect them to a special filter called a dialyzer or artificial kidney • The blood leaves your body via one needle, and is pumped through the dialyzer. • There is an artificial membrane in the dialyzer. It removes wastes and extra fluid. Hemodialysis

  9. The clean blood is then returned to your body via another needle or port inserted into your fistula, or through a tube into your vascular access catheter. • Both needles are removed at the end of the session. • Only a small amount of blood (about 200ml or less than 1 cup) is outside your body at any one time. • Hemodialysis usually needs to be performed three times a week. Each treatment takes 3 to 6 hours. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IQKQ4eoKfTg Hemodialysis

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