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The KM3Net and EMSO approach for the Earth and Sea Sciences Giuditta Marinaro

The KM3Net and EMSO approach for the Earth and Sea Sciences Giuditta Marinaro on behalf of EMSO Consortium. KM3Net Collaboration Meeting – Catania – 25 June 2013. I. EMSO European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water-column Observatory. http://www.emso-eu.org/. Science Objectives.

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The KM3Net and EMSO approach for the Earth and Sea Sciences Giuditta Marinaro

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  1. The KM3Net and EMSO approach for the Earth and Sea Sciences Giuditta Marinaro on behalf of EMSO Consortium KM3Net Collaboration Meeting – Catania – 25 June 2013

  2. I EMSOEuropeanMultidisciplinary Seafloorand water-columnObservatory http://www.emso-eu.org/

  3. Science Objectives Geosciences Seismicity Gas hydrate stability Seabed fluid flow Submarine landslides Geo-hazard early warning Physical Oceanography Ocean warming Wind-driven circulation Deep-ocean circulation Benthic-water column interactions Marine forecasting Biogeochemistry Solubility pump & ocean acidification Biological pump Continental shelf pump Deep-ocean biogeochemical fluxes Marine Ecology Climate forcing of ecosystems Molecules to microbes Fisheries Marine noise Deep biosphere & chemosynthetic ecology

  4. Socio-economically important topics which cross-cut the outlined science areas include themes spanning numerous spatial and temporal scales such as: • Natural and anthropogenic change • Interactions between ecosystem services, biodiversity, biogeochemistry, physics and climate • Impacts of exploration and extraction of energy, minerals, and living resources • Geo-hazard early warning capability for earthquakes, tsunamis, gas hydrate release, and slope instability and failure • Connecting scientific outcomes to stakeholders and policy makers

  5. In order to explore the time changing properties of the oceanic environment, sustained observations are essential at a sufficiently high frequency • These provide the means to examine complex interrelations between processes and properties: - Short-time scales (minutes, hours to days) - Longer-time scales (annual to decadal) • A key attribute of many current fixed observatories is that they are real-time multidisciplinary interactive and some cover several environments from the top of the ocean to the seabed beneath

  6. What are fixed stationary platforms? Unmanned, multi-sensor platforms to make measurements from above the air-sea interface to below the seafloor, and with different configurations related to the communications: Stand-alone and delayed mode Mooring and seafloor platforms with acoustic/cabled capabilities

  7. Novel scientific achievements • Technological innovation • Data harmonisation and quality control so that all data is in the public domain immediately after collection • Develop links with data users: modelling, operational and civilian communities, etc. • Outreach so that the public and funding bodies use and appreciate the value of observatories Goals Vision The overall vision is to develop a global system of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sustained observatory networks Integrate and enhance the existing infrastructures With expansion of observatories in critical, representative locations in particular environments

  8. Towards EMSO-ERIC Signatory Countries: Italy, UK, Portugal, Romania, Greece, The Netherlands, Ireland, Germany, France, Spain* *officially announced Foreseen: Norway, Turkey Postponed: Sweden

  9. Koljö Fjord SmartBay Molènes OBSEA EMSO nodes

  10. EMSO & KM3Net: the Ligurian node ANTARES infrastructure MEUST SITES Preferred site ANTARES 4 sites are under evaluation With autonomous mooring lines

  11. EMSO & KM3Net: the Ligurian node EMSO environment science extending MEUST infrastructure • Hydrodynamique – Circulation • Biogeochimie • Ecologie Marine • Geosciences Depth (meter ) Buoy 1000 BaseT Fx 500 VAC Inductive Data From 500 MEUST BJ Transfer Sensors NODE 1000 1500 2350 m acoustic modem 100 Base T Inductive Data 400 VDC Transfer Acoustic Data 2000 Transfer Acoustic Acoustic transponder release (MEUST acoustic field transponder for positioning during sea operation) 2500 Dead weight MII

  12. Canyon du Paillon Canyon du Var EMSO & KM3Net: the Ligurian node The VAR valley and canyon The Var submarine canyon is characterized by its direct connection to the Var River Average flow of the Var river at Nice: 50 m3/s Side Basin: 3000 Km2 After 2017 Average seasonal flow (20 years) of the Var river at Nicec Long term strategy: intermediate and deep variability with core parameters acquisition (T, S, currents, O2, turbidity, particle fluxes)

  13. EMSO & KM3Net: the Western Ionian Sea Geo-hazards (earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic activity) Bio-acoustics (mammal tracking) Oceanography (e.g., deep water circulation, current intensity and direction, temperature, salinity)

  14. CNR PUGLIA CAMPANIA INGV SZN CNR North-Western SICILY North-Eastern SICILY INGV INGV ISPRA ISPRA CNR CNR CNR INGV INFN EMSO Cabled nodes INFN Fixed Infrastructures Cabled infrastructures South-Western SICILY Eastern SICILY Relocatable infrastructures EMSO & KM3Net: the Western Ionian Sea EMSO-MedIT: action and cohesion plan - enhancement of public research Infrastructures Italian Project (19.9 M€) Partners: INGV, INFN, CNR, ISPRA, SZN MIMED: multidisciplinary shallow and Deep-sea Infrastructure in the MEDiterranean Sea Italian Project (7.2 M€) Partners: CNR, INGV, INFN, OGS Geographic distribution of the marine infrastructures enhanced in the frame of EMSO-MedIT

  15. EMSO & KM3Net: the Western Ionian Sea Final design af the Sea-floor network in Portopalo Activities will include: • the final design of the multidisciplinary station that will be connected to the Junction Box on the site of Portopalo. • the construction of the first prototype of the new generation of multiparameter underwater cabled stations. • the construction of the Junction Box that will be connected to the termination frame of the electro-optical cable in Portopalo. • the definition of the procedures for implementation of the underwater node, consisting of Junction Box and multiparametric station. Enhancement in Portopalo site Acquisition of new information through targeted campaigns in relation to environmental characteristics and morphology of the site off the coast of Catania. Definition of the technical specifications for the monitoring of the water column and associated transmission systems and data management. Integration of equipment and instrumentation acquired and development of laboratory testing Planning and carrying out the installation and start of the test phase of the installed infrastructures.

  16. 2 days 40 cm 3 m 2 cm 2 h Pressure: 1cm H2O ~ 1mbar 1 month EMSO & KM3Net: the Earth Science Geohazards: tsunamis Early detection of tsunamigenic events: Seismic waves Absolute pressure Low fsound waves Sumatra – Mw 8.5 (March 28, 2005) (Sroi et al., 2007)

  17. SN-1 EMSO & KM3Net: the Earth Science Geohazards: earthquakes submarine landslides

  18. EMSO & KM3Net: the Sea Sciences EMSO & KM3Net: the Sea Sciences Oceanography: temperature salinity pressure oxygen turbidity

  19. EMSO & KM3Net: the Sea Sciences Oceanography: current radioactivity

  20. EMSO & KM3Net: the Sea Sciences biology: Acoustic array Other EMSO instrumentation that could be useful for KM3Net calibration: Light transmissometers Sedimentation and biofouling monitors Cameras Sediment traps …..

  21. Thank you for your attention http://www.emso-eu.org/

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