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Outline. Choosing fluorochrome combinations and filter setsMatching antibody specificities with fluorochromesControls and standardization. Outline. Choosing fluorochrome combinations and filter setsChoose bright fluorochromesMinimize spillover between detectors. Bright" = good resolution sens
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1. Design and optimization of multicolor panels Holden T. Maecker
2. Outline Choosing fluorochrome combinations and filter sets
Matching antibody specificities with fluorochromes
Controls and standardization
3. Outline Choosing fluorochrome combinations and filter sets
Choose bright fluorochromes
Minimize spillover between detectors
4. “Bright” = good resolution sensitivity
5. Various fluorochromes-stain index
6. Spillover affects resolution sensitivity
7. Choices for 6-, 8-, 10-, and more colors
8. Outline Choosing fluorochrome combinations and filter sets
Matching antibody specificities with fluorochromes
Controls and standardization
9. “Bright” antibodies go on “dim” fluorochromes
Avoid spillover from bright cell populations into detectors requiring high sensitivity
Take special care with tandem dyes
11. Spillover affects resolution sensitivity
12. Special requirements of tandem dyes Compensation requirements for tandem dye conjugates can vary, even between two experiments with the same antibody
Require experiment-specific compensation
Certain tandem dye conjugates (APC-Cy7, PE-Cy7) can degrade with exposure to light, elevated temperature, and fixation
Minimize exposure to these conditions
Use BD Stabilizing Fixative for final fixation
13. False positives due to tandem degradation
14. New tandems will be more stable APC-H7 as a replacement for APC-Cy7:
15. Outline Choosing fluorochrome combinations and filter sets
Matching antibody specificities with fluorochromes
Controls and standardization
16. Types of controls Instrument setup controls
PMT voltage settings
Compensation (per experiment)
Gating controls
Isotype controls
Fluorescence-minus-one (FMO) controls
Biological controls
Unstimulated samples
Healthy donors
17. Comparison of gating controls
18. Standardization using lyophilized reagents Lyophilization provides increased stability, even at room temperature or 37oC
One batch of reagents can be used for an entire longitudinal study
Pre-configured plates can avoid errors of reagent addition
Complex experiments (multiple stimuli, multiple polychromatic staining cocktails) become easier
Lyophilized cell controls can provide run-to-run standardization
19. Conclusions Polychromatic flow cytometry is not impossible
Select fluorochromes for brightness and least spillover
Optimize antibody panels by taking into account reagent brightness and data spread
Stabilize longitudinal experiments with proper QC
Some solutions that can help
Lyophilized reagent plates
Stabilizing fixative
Beads for calibration and compensation
20. References Maecker, H. T., Frey, T., Nomura, L. E., and Trotter, J. (2004).Selecting fluorochrome conjugates for maximum sensitivity. Cytometry A 62, 169.
Maecker, H. T., and Trotter, J. (2006).Flow cytometry controls, instrument setup, and the determination of positivity. Cytometry A 69, 1037.
21. Acknowledgements Laurel Nomura
Margaret Inokuma
Maria Suni
Smita Ghanekar
Daiva Gladding
Jack Dunne
Skip Maino