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7.2 What is the normal global distribution pattern of

7.2 What is the normal global distribution pattern of temperature?. Part B. Insolation. How is insolation related to the global distribution of temperature?. How is energy transferred into the atmosphere?.

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7.2 What is the normal global distribution pattern of

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  1. 7.2 What is the normal global distribution pattern of temperature? Part B

  2. Insolation How is insolation related to the global distribution of temperature? How is energy transferred into the atmosphere? When the earth’s surface is heated up, it releases heat energy and warms the air above through three ways. Radiation Conduction Convection Long wave radiation Earth’s surface Heated earth’s surface

  3. The more the insolation, the ( higher / lower ) the air temperature. Air temperature is controlled by __________. What is the relationship between insolation and air temperature? When does the ground receive no insolation? When is the insolation the highest? insolation At noon. Between sunset and sunrise. Maximum insolation No insolation No insolation

  4. What is the world distribution pattern of temperatures? What is the January temperature of London and Hong Kong? What is the July temperature of London and Hong Kong? ( Hong Kong / London ) has a higher temperature in both July and January. Around 27-28°C Around 16-17°C 20°C Around 3°C

  5. What is the world distribution pattern of temperatures? What conclusion can you draw from this? What regions are London and Hong Kong located at? 1 Air temperature is higher in low-latitude regions Temperature ( decreases / increases ) with increasing latitude. ( Low- / Mid- ) latitude region ( Low- / Mid- ) latitude region Temperature is ( lower / higher ) in lower-latitude regions.

  6. 2 Temperature variation over latitude is more marked in winter in the Northern Hemisphere It means temperature variation over latitude is more marked in winter in the Northern Hemisphere. The ( Northern / Southern ) Hemisphere has a closely-spaced pattern of isotherms in January.

  7. July January 2 Temperature variation over latitude is more marked in winter in the Northern Hemisphere The two cities have a larger temperature difference in ( summer / winter ). Let’s look at the temperatures of Moscow and Jerusalem. Moscow: ____°C Jerusalem: ____°C Difference: ____°C Moscow: ____°C Jerusalem: ____°C Difference: ____°C 15 -15 29 15 14 30

  8. July January 3 Places at the same latitude may have different air temperatures What are the temperatures of Places A and B which are at the same latitude? What conclusion can you draw from this? Place A: ____°C Place B: ____°C Difference: ____°C Place A: ____°C Place B: ____°C Difference: ____°C 8 0 12 -34 4 34

  9. July January 3 Places at the same latitude may have different air temperatures The isotherms in mid-latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere are roughly parallel to the latitudes. Why? It is because most of the area there is covered by sea. The changes in temperature are relatively ( small / large ).

  10. 0 25 20 15 July 10 5 January 4 There is a seasonal pattern of air temperature Compare the difference of temperatures of Tokyo and Sydney in July and January respectively. Temperature in January (°C) 24 8 13 21 In July, it is ( summer / winter ) in the Northern Hemisphere and ( summer / winter ) in the Southern Hemisphere. 0° In January, it is winter in the Northern Hemisphere and summer in the Southern Hemisphere.

  11. How is insolation related to the global distribution of temperature? What are the factors affecting temperature patterns? Factors affecting temperature patterns Insolation Land and sea Winds Ocean currents Aspect Altitude Cloud cover

  12. How is insolation related to the global distribution of temperature? What are the factors affecting temperature patterns? Factors affecting temperature patterns The more the insolation received, the ( lower / higher ) the air temperature. Insolation Land and sea Winds Ocean currents Aspect Altitude Cloud cover

  13. July January 2 Land and sea A   Why are there different temperatures at places at the same latitude? Moscow:15°C Place A (over the sea): 8°C A   Moscow: -15°C Place A (over the sea): -6°C In July, Moscow is ( colder / hotter ) than Place A. In January, Moscow is ( colder / hotter ) than Place A.

  14. Heat can be transferred quickly through the land by __________. Hence, the land absorbs and loses heat quickly. 2 Land and sea conduction 15°C Place A 8°C Sea absorbs heat more slowly Land absorbs heat more quickly The water in oceans is heated by __________. As oceans are large bodies of water, it takes time to transfer the heat. Hence, oceans absorb and lose heat slowly. convection -15°C Place A -6°C Land loses heat more quickly Sea loses heat more slowly

  15. 2 Land and sea Annual range of temperature Copenhagen: 18°C Moscow: 30°C Continental climate: Cold winters and hot/warm summers Maritime climate: Mild winters and cool summers ( Copenhagen / Moscow ) has a smaller annual range of temperature. Copenhagen is located at the coast. _______ help regulate the temperature along coastal areas. Oceans

  16. Annual range of temperature What characteristics do you notice about the distribution of annual range of temperature? 2 Land and sea Annual range of temperature ( decreases / increases ) as the latitude increases; ( decreases / increases ) with the distance from the sea.

  17. Temperature in Hong Kong ( / ) Temperature in Hong Kong ( / ) 3 Winds This is the seasonal pattern of winds in Hong Kong: Summer Winter How do winds affect the temperature of a place? Cold northerly winds blowing from the cold inland areas of the mainland Hong Kong Hong Kong South-easterly winds blowing from the Pacific Ocean Some places receive onshore winds in winter. The warm onshore winds from the sea help raise the winter temperature there.

  18. 4 Ocean currents Ocean currents are seawater flowing along fixed routes. They are divided into warm currents and cold currents. Warm currents flow from equatorial areas to polar areas Cold currents flow from polar areas to equatorial areas

  19. Warm ocean currents originate from areas where the water is warm. 4 Ocean currents How do ocean currents affect the temperatures of the places lying along their paths? The air above the currents becomes ( cold / warm ). Places lying along the paths of warm ocean currents have ( lower / higher ) temperatures.

  20. Cold ocean currents originate from areas where the water is cold. 4 Ocean currents The air above the currents becomes cold. Places lying along the paths of cold ocean currents have lower temperatures.

  21. Nain Glasgow 4 Ocean currents What do you notice about the relationship between the type of ocean current and mean temperatures in July and January of Glasgow and Nain? Located at similar latitudes, both Glasgow and Nain are affected by ocean currents. 17°C ( lower / higher ) temperature 5°C ( lower / higher ) temperature North Atlantic Drift ( cold / warm ) current 8.2°C ( lower / higher ) temperature -21.7°C ( lower / higher ) temperature Labrador Current ( cold / warm ) current

  22. 5 Aspect Aspect refers to the direction a slope faces in relation to the sun. What is the situation in the Southern Hemisphere? Northern Hemisphere Sun’s rays strike at a smaller angle on north-facing slopes North-facing slopes receive less insolation per unit area Sun’s rays strike at a larger angle on south-facing slopes South-facing slopes receive ( less / more ) insolation per unit area

  23. Air becomes less dense with increasing altitude. Heat loss is faster and thus the air temperature ( falls / rises ). 6 Altitude Less dense air The average rate of decrease in air temperature with height is 6°C per 1,000 metres. This is known as the ________________________. Heat loss Less dense air absorbs ( less / more ) heat environmental lapse rate Denser air Heat released from the earth’s surface is stored in the air _____________, ______ and _______________ in the atmosphere absorb long wave radiation and keep the air warm Water vapour dust Heat loss carbon dioxide

  24. Insolation Direct reflection Which area would have a lower temperature? 7 Cloud cover Daytime Insolation With cloud cover Without cloud cover Only part of the insolation reaches the earth’s surface A large part of the insolation reaches the earth’s surface Place A Place B Earth’s surface Earth’s surface

  25. Which area has a larger daily range of temperature? 7 Cloud cover Night time Only a small part of the radiation is released back to space Some radiation is absorbed by clouds With cloud cover Without cloud cover A large part of the radiation would be released back to space Longwave radiation The warmth is kept A large part of the radiation is blocked by the clouds The warmth is lost Longwave radiation Place A Place B Earth’s surface Earth’s surface

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