1 / 27

Cardiovascular system

Cardiovascular system. AKA CIRCULATORY SYSTEM. CARDIOVASULAR SYSTEM. Consists of heart, blood vessels, and blood Transportation system O2 and nutrients to body cells CO2 and metabolic waste away from cells. Heart. Muscular “pump” Located in the mediastinal cavity Btwn lungs

adler
Download Presentation

Cardiovascular system

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Cardiovascular system AKA CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

  2. CARDIOVASULAR SYSTEM • Consists of heart, blood vessels, and blood • Transportation system • O2 and nutrients to body cells • CO2 and metabolic waste away from cells

  3. Heart • Muscular “pump” • Located in the mediastinal cavity • Btwn lungs • Behind sternum • Above diaphragm

  4. Three layers & septum • Endocardium—smooth inner lining • Myocardium—thick muscle middle layer • Pericardium—outer covering • Muscular wall that divides rt. & lt. • Prevents blood flow btwn rt. & lt.

  5. Chambers • Four chambers • Two upper—ATRIA • Two lower—VENTRICLES • RA receives blood as it returns from body cells • RV receives blood from RA • RV pushes blood thru pulmonary artery to lungs • LA receives oxygenated blood from lungs • LV receives oxygenated blood from LA • LV pushes blood thru aorta to be carried to the body cells

  6. Valves • Tricuspid btwn RA & RV • Pulmonary btwn RV & pulmonary artery • Mitral btwn LA & LV • Aortic btwn LV & Aorta (largest artery)

  7. Heartbeat Cycle • Electrical impulses originating in the heart causes the myocardium to contract • One cycle consists of a period of contraction (systole) & rest (diastole) • Atria contract to push blood into the ventricles • While atria relax & refill, ventricles contract

  8. Heartbeat Cycle cont… • Blood in rt. Side of heart is low in O2 & high in CO2 • When it gets to the lungs CO2 is released (exhaled) and O2 is picked up • So now blood in lt side of the heart is high in O2 and low in CO2

  9. Blood Vessels • Arteries • Vessels that carry blood away from the heart • Aorta • Largest artery in body: eventually branches into arterioles • Veins • Vessels that carry blood back to the heart • Venules are smallest branches • Inferior & superior vena cava are largest veins in the body

  10. Blood Vessels cont… • Capillaries • Connect arterioles with venules • Have thin walls (one layer of cells) • Allow oxygen & nutrients to exit thru to cells • Allow carbon dioxide & waste products from cells to enter

  11. Blood Composition • 5-6 quarts circulate continually • Transports: • Oxygen • Carbon dioxide • Nutrients • Metabolic waste • Heat • Hormones

  12. Blood Composition cont… • Plasma—fluid part, 90% water • Erythrocytes (rbc)—contains (hemoglobin) to carry iron, O2 & CO2 • Leukocytes (wbc)—main function is to fight infection • Thrombocytes—aka platelets, contains enzymes for clotting

  13. Components of blood

  14. Diseases and conditions of the cardiovascular system

  15. Anemia • Inadequate amount of erythrocytes, &/or hemoglobin • Iron deficient—inadequate iron • Aplastic—caused by injury to bone marrow • Little or no production of RBC: can be fatal • Pernicious—poor absorbtion of vitamin B12 • Sickle cell—chronic inherited disease • Occurs almost exclusively in African-Americans

  16. Anerurysm • Ballooning out of weak area of wall of artery • Most common sites are cerebral, aortal, and abdominal • If it ruptures, could cause death

  17. Atherosclerosis • Fatty plaques of cholesterol on walls of arteries • Causes narrowing (stenosis)-reduces flow • If plaque breaks, it can circulate thru blood stream (emboli) • Tx is low cholesterol diet, exercise, meds

  18. Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) • Heart muscle does not beat adequately to supply bloods needs of the body • Symptoms: edema, dyspnea, pallor, cynosis, distention of neck veins, weak, rapid pulse, cough with pink frothy sputum • Tx: drugs, diuretics oxygen therapy, bedrest, low sodium diet.

  19. Embolus & Hemophilia • Foreign substance circulating in blood: air, blood clot, bacterial clump, fat globule • Inherited disease, where blood is not able to clot • Occur almost always in males

  20. Hypertension • Systolic > 150 mmHg • Diastolic > 90 mmHg • Tx: medications, diuretics, lower stress, avoiding tobacco, losing wt

  21. Leukemia • Malignant disease of bone marrow or lymph tissue • Can be acute or chronic • Tx: chemo, radiation, bone marrow transplant

  22. Myocardial Infarction (heart attack) • Blockage in coronary artery cuts off blood supply to the heart • Affected heart tissue dies (infarct)

  23. Myocardial Infarction (heart attack) cont… • Symptoms: severe crushing pain in chest, jaw, neck, arm • Pressure in chest • Perspiration • Cold clammy skin • Dyspnea • Change in blood pressure • Tx: CPR, (inc. defibulator ad lib) • Anticoagulants • Medications

  24. Opening clogged arteries

  25. Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases • Risk factor—factors in the environment, or chemical, physiological or genetic element, that are thought to “pre-dispose” an individual to the development of a disease • Over 1 million people a year will have a fatal episode of some type of cardiovascular disease!

  26. Two categories of risk factors: • Things that cannot be changed: • Age • Heredity • Gender • Race • Things that can be changed • Smoking • Hypertension • Cholesterol level • Physical inactivity • Obesity • Excessive stress

More Related