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Understanding DNA Mutations & Repair

Explore how DNA damage from various sources can lead to mutations and diseases. Learn about DNA repair mechanisms involving proteins and the impact of oxidation. Discover the role of proteins in biological functions and protein evolution.

adena-hampton
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Understanding DNA Mutations & Repair

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  1. 10, 000 OEIT Star BioChem (LA and KMV)

  2. 10, 000 DNA lesionsX 1 trillion cells10,000,000,000,000,000 OEIT Star BioChem (LA and KMV)

  3. DNA damage leads to mutations OEIT Star BioChem (LA and KMV)

  4. DNA damage leads to mutations 1) toxic chemicals (industrial & environmental) 2) X-rays (clinic) 5) UV rays (sun) 3) viruses (HPV) 4) oxidation (respiration, smoking) OEIT Star BioChem (LA and KMV)

  5. DNA damage leads to mutations toxic chemicals (industrial & environmental) X-rays (clinic) mutations disease UV rays (sun) viruses (HPV) oxidation (respiration, radiation, smoking) OEIT Star BioChem (LA and KMV)

  6. Oxidation can cause mutations in DNA OEIT Star BioChem (LA and KMV)

  7. Oxidation can cause mutations in DNA OEIT Star BioChem (LA and KMV)

  8. Oxidation can cause mutations in DNA OEIT Star BioChem (LA and KMV)

  9. DNA glycosylase proteins help repair DNA damage caused by oxidation DNA glycosylases OEIT Star BioChem (LA and KMV)

  10. Today’s activity: explore DNA glycosylases with Star BioChem (You can find it online too!) human hOGG1 (37 °C) archeabacteria Pa-AGOG (100 °C!) OEIT Star BioChem (LA and KMV)

  11. Proteins perform many important biological functions hemoglobin carry oxygen in the blood F1 ATPase generate energy antibody protect against infections microtubules cell division aquaporin water transport OEIT Star BioChem (LA and KMV) Protein Data Bank website

  12. The function of a protein is determined by its structure structure function OEIT Star BioChem (LA and KMV)

  13. These two proteins both fix the same DNA defect. human hOGG1 archeabacteria Pa-AGOG Protein Evolution: Proteins with similar functions tend to have similar 3D structures. 2) Proteins with similar 3D structures DO NOT ALWAYS have exactly the same amino acid sequence. The folding is important for function. OEIT Star BioChem (LA and KMV)

  14. Hydrophobic YELLOW (Polar) Hydrophilic GREEN Acid RED Base BLUE Amino Acids Identify the amino group, the acid group, andthe side chains. The side chains are also called “R groups” (R = residues) OEIT Star BioChem (LA and KMV)

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