初中英语写作

1. 初中英语写作 马鞍山二中 闫 明

2. 一、句子的写作（简单句类型） 二、句子的写作（简单句和复合句） 三、段落的写作：主题与拓展 四、文章的结构：开头、主体和结尾 五、应用文：书信、电子邮件 六、应用文：发言稿、通知 七、记叙文：写人、叙事 八、说明文：介绍人物、事物的说明文 九、议论文 十、图表、图画作文 十一、提示性作文 十二、（半）开放式作文 十三、体验中考高分写作（1） 十四、体验中考高分写作（2） 初中英语写作

3. 前 言 • 发展学生的英语语言技能，培养学生良好的英语交际能力。 • 听、说、读、写密切联系，相互渗透，互为基础。

4. 中考英语书面表达综述 • 1、题型目的 • 测试考生的笔头运用，即语法知识、词汇知识掌握的程度及遣词造句和用英语进行思维的能力。 • 2、新课标要求： • 能根据写作要求，收集准备素材；能独立起草短文短信等；能使用常见的连接词表示顺序和逻辑关系；能简单描述人物或事件；能根据所给图示或表格写出简单的段落或操作说明。

5. 中考英语书面表达综述 • 3、题型特点 • （1）指导性/辅助性写作(guided writing) • 有必要的说明, 对写作的目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等情景给予简要的提示 • （2）足够的发挥余地 • 4、教学现状 • 布置写作任务→学生个人写作→教师批改→背诵范文 • 词汇贫乏、搭配不当、句型误用、语法不通、信息不全、条理紊乱、谋篇布局不合理

6. 2012年安徽省中考英语试题中的书面表达 • 英语课堂上，老师要求学生就“与人相处”的话题展开讨论。请根据以下你所在的小组讨论结果，以“How to get on well with others”为题，写一篇英语短文。 Suggestions：Learn to share Respect (尊重) others Communicate with each other … My suggestion 注意：1、词数 80 – 100 • 2、可适当发挥，以使行文连贯； • 3、文中请勿提及你真实的姓名和学校

7. One possible version How to get on well with others • As we know, students should learn to get on well with others. But in what ways? First of all, we should respect others. Everyone has their own ways to do things, so we should understand each other. Besides, it’s important for us to communicate with each other and share happiness and sadness. What’s more, we should be kind to others and offer necessary help to those who are in trouble. • In my opinion, we should treat others in an honest way. Only in this way can we get along well.

8. 中考英语书面表达综述 • 5、中考书面表达答题步骤 • 步骤1: 认真审题。内容包括： • 文字信息 • 表格、图标信息 • 步骤2: 巧妙构思。 • 利用列提纲确定写作中心、组织/筛检材料。 • 步骤3: 信息转换 • 以词及点： • 连词成句： • 连句成文： • 步骤4: 检查修改。 • 步骤5: 规范抄写。

9. 6、案例分析 例题：你班进行了一次综合实践活动。通过活动，同学们收获很大，尤其是李华同学进步最快。请你根据表格内容写一篇关于李华的短文。词数80个左右。 中考英语书面表达综述

10. 参考作文对比，注意划线部分。 中考英语书面表达综述

11. 练习题：通过讨论、分析以下例题，找出写作题材、要点、人称和时态。练习题：通过讨论、分析以下例题，找出写作题材、要点、人称和时态。 例题：下面六幅图描述了某日星期三早晨你所经历的一件事。请根据这些图画，用英语写一篇日记。 中考英语书面表达综述 注意： 1. 日记须包括所有图画的内容，可以适当增加细节，使其连贯。 2. 词数：100 左右。

12. 一、句子的写作（简单句类型） • 1. 写作指导--五种基本句型 • （1）主语+谓语 • My father smokes a lot. Some are dancing, some are singing. • （2）主语+连系动词+表语 • She is an English teacher. The one in red shirt is my uncle. • （3）主语+谓语+宾语 • He likes learning Chinese. We all donated our pocket money. • （4）主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 • Mr. Wang teaches us English. I lent her my book. • （5）主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 • I often ask him to help me with my homework. • We chose him our monitor.

13. 一、句子的写作（简单句类型） • 练习题 （一）请将下列词连成句子。 • （1）walk, supper, shall, we, have, after, a ? • （2）I, him, my, considered, friend, best. • （3）has, homework, he, not, done, his. • （4）to, work, finish, we, difficult, the, it, found. Shall we have a walk after supper? I considered him my best friend. He has not done his homework. We found it difficult to finish the work.

14. 一、句子的写作（简单句类型） • 练习题 （二）分析句子并改错。 • （1）There was no people to take care of the children. • （2）There are a desk and two chairs in the room. • （3）Mr. Wang went to bed until 12 last night. • （4）When one have knowledge, he can do what he want to do. • （5）When I get to the station the train leave. • （6）Could you tell me where shall we meet tomorrow? • （7）Watch TV too much is bad for our eyes. • （8）Though we were very tired, but we felt very happy. were is didn’t go has wants got had left we shall Watching

15. 一、句子的写作（简单句类型） • 2、优秀作文 用优美的语言描写你的学校。要求：请你用英语写一篇短文，词数80左右。短文要求达意、正确、连贯。 • My School • At the foot of the mountain there is a river. By the river there is a small school. • The school has no tall building. It has only four old houses. Though old, it is funny and interesting. Before the houses there is a wooden yard. Students can play freely there after classes. Behind the houses there is a nut garden. When autumn comes, the nuts are in harvest. They are delicious. On the top of a house there stands a big iron bowl. Do you know what it is? It is used to receive TV programs. With its help students can know the world far away. It’s amazing, isn’t it? • This is my school. Please come and see it.

16. 一、句子的写作（简单句类型） • 3、必备（背）词句。仿例造句。 • be crazy about 发狂的喜欢… • 例句：I am really crazy about Michael Jackson's rock'n'roll. • 造句 • give sb. a hand / give a hand to sb. 帮助某人 • 翻译：向危难之人伸出援助之手。 • the 比较级… the 比较级… 越…越… • 翻译：你越努力，你进步越大。 • make (full) use of … （充分）利用… • 翻译：我们应该充分利用水。 • There’s no point in doing sth. 做某事无意义、没必要 • 翻译：等待毫无意义。 • would rather do sth. than do sth. 宁愿（可）做… 不愿做… • 翻译：我宁愿在家看电视也不愿去看电影。 Give a hand to those (who are) in trouble. The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. We should make full use of water. There is no point in waiting. I would rather stay at home than go to the cinema.

17. 一、句子的写作（简单句类型） • 4、实战演练：佳句仿写 • （1）To tell you the truth, all of us were born in the year of goat. 实话告诉你吧，我们都是羊年出生的。 • 实话告诉你吧，她是我们班学习最好的。 • （2）Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. 海伦是我见过最美丽的女孩。 • 张老师是我遇到的最仁慈的老师。 • （3）Reading is good for our mind. 读书对我们的心智有益。 • 做早操对我们有好处。 • （4）Nothing is difficult to do as long as you want to have a try. 只要肯尝试，任何事情都不难！ • 只要你需要我，我就愿意伸出援助之手。 To tell you the truth, she is the top student in our class. Mr. Zhang is the most merciful teacher that I have ever seen. Doing morning exercise is good for our health. I’d like to give a hand as long as you need me.

18. 5、 家庭作业： (1) 根据中、英文提示，将下列要点连成一个小段落 一、句子的写作（简单句类型）

19. 5、 家庭作业： (2) 根据中、英文提示，将下列要点连成一个小段落 根据中文大意，写出意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于50词的短文。所给英语提示词语供选用。 目前洋快餐在中国非常流行，许多中学生都很喜欢。洋快餐餐厅不仅拥有较好的环境，而且能够提供方便快捷的服务。但是……请结合你自己的经历，谈谈你对洋快餐的看法。 提示词语： foreign fast food, popular, like, clean, service, fast and convenient （方便的）, too much 一、句子的写作（简单句类型）

20. 5、 家庭作业（参考答案）： Foreign fast food is so popular in China that many students like eating it. They like eating in fast food restaurants because most of them are clean and the service is fast and convenient. But fast food has too much salt, sugar and fat, and eating it too much is bad for people’s health. Although the fast food is not very healthy to us, I like it because it is quite different from Chinese food and it tastes good. When we hold a party, we usually choose eating there. But I don’t think it’s all right to eat foreign fast food very often. If we eat it only once a month, we needn’t worry about anything. 一、句子的写作（简单句类型）

21. （一）简单句 1. 写作指导---精彩的简单句 （1）连词词组、介词短语和动词固定搭配的使用： 连词词组：both…and…, neither…nor…, either…or…, as well as……等 介词短语：from…to…，till/until, by means of…, in favor of……等 动词固定搭配：make progress, have fun, take time, keep a promise……等 （2）感叹句的使用： What+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语(it)+谓语(is)! How+adj.(adv.)+主语(it)+谓语(is)! 二、句子的写作（简单句和复合句）

22. （一）简单句 1. 写作指导---精彩的简单句 （3）强调句： do (does/did) + 动词原形 It引导的强调句：It is (was)+被强调部分+that (who)+句子其他部分 （4）倒装句： Only+状语+助动词(情态动词)+主语+谓语 So (Neither/Nor)+助动词(系动词/情态动词)+主语 (so表示肯定意义、neither/nor表示否定意义) 二、句子的写作（简单句和复合句）

23. （一）简单句 2. 练习：用以下词组填空 by means of keep promise in favor of as well as neither…nor… take time (1) _____________ I ____________ she is a teacher. 我和她都不是老师。 (2) Fei Junlong ____________________ Yang Liwei are the national heroes. 费俊龙和杨利伟一样也成为了人民英雄。 (3) She tried to explain _____________________body language. 她试着通过肢体语言来解释。 (4) I’m ____________________his opinion. 我同意他的观点。 (5) English studying________________________. 学英语很花费时间。 (6) I must ____________my ______________. 我得遵守诺言/我不能食言。 二、句子的写作（简单句和复合句） Neither nor as well as by means of in favor of takes much time keep promise

24. （二）复合句 1. 写作指导 （1）熟悉各种从句的结构。 复合句是中考考察的重点。 熟练掌握常用复合句的构成、先行词/引导词、主句和从句的时态等。 （2）掌握句型转换技巧。 提高训练自己用多种方式表达相同意思的能力。 二、句子的写作（简单句和复合句）

25. （二）复合句 2. 练习 将下列含宾语从句的复合句转换为简单句 1) We can’t decide what we should do. (用不定式替换) 2) I remember that I once met her at a party. (用动词固定搭配替换) 将下列含状语从句的复合句转化为简单句 1) He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. (用介词短语替换) 2）Turn off the light before you leave the classroom. (用v-ing结构替换) 用两种方法表达同样的意思 1）他们玩得很开心。(提示：have a good time; enjoy oneself) 2）我六点才到家。(提示：when; not…until…) 二、句子的写作（简单句和复合句） We can decide what to do. I remember meeting her at a party. He studied hard in order to pass the exam. Turn off the light before leaving the classroom. They had a good time / enjoyed themselves. It was six o’clock when I got home. I didn’t get home until six o’clock.

26. （三）优秀作文 快餐在中国很流行，但快餐对人体却没什么好处。请根据下面中文提示，以“Fast Food”为题，写一篇80词左右得英语短文。 提示：（1）快餐十分流行，尤其是儿童很喜欢；（2）快餐受欢迎的原因：方便(convenient)、省时；既可在快餐店吃可以带家吃； （3）从营养角度讲快餐食品不利于健康；（4）建议：如时间来不及可吃快餐，但儿童应尽量少吃。 要求：句子通顺，语言表达正确，可适当增加细节使内容连贯。 二、句子的写作（简单句和复合句） • Fast Food • Fast food is becoming more and more popular in China, especially among children. • There are several reasons for the fast food. First, it is very convenient and save time. Second, you can either eat it in the restaurant or take it home. Third, the service is quite good. • However, eating fast food too much will do harm to our health. I think fast food is only a good choice when you are in a hurry. It’s good for people, especially children, to eat fast food as little as possible.

27. （四）Ⅳ. 必备（背）词句 both… and… …和…都… 例句：Both you and I are good students. 你和我都是好学生。 either… or… 不是…就是…/…或… 例句： 你可以在早晨或在临睡前记单词。 not… until… 直到…才… 例句： 直到中午我们才赶到目的地（destination）。（尝试用倒装句表达） make progress 取得进步 例句：We are eager to make progress. 我们很渴望取得进步。 not only… but also… 不但…而且… 例句： 我不但喜欢音乐，而且还喜欢体育。(尝试用倒装句表达) too… to… 太…以至于不… 例句：I was too excited to go to sleep. 我太兴奋了以至于无法入睡。 二、句子的写作（简单句和复合句） You may memorize words either in the morning or before going to bed. Not until noon did we reach the destination. Not only do I like music, but also PE.

28. （五）实战演练：用另外一种方法表达 1、年龄 She is 8 years old. 2、外貌 She has a round face and big eyes. 3、性格 She is kind and easy to get along with. 4、爱好 She likes reading and music. 5、体重 She weighs 32 kilos. 二、句子的写作（简单句和复合句） She is at the age of 8./ she is a girl aged 8 (years). She is a girl with a round face and big eyes. She is so kind and easy as to get on with. She is crazy about not only reading but also music. She is 32 kilos in weight.

29. （六）翻译下列句子 1、只有努力我们才能取得最后的成功。（强调句） 2、是我父亲昨天晚上在实验室做实验。（强调句） 3、千万保重！（强调句） 4、那时我才意识到英语的重要性。（强调句） 5、约翰从没迟到过，我也从来没有过。（倒装句） 二、句子的写作（简单句和复合句） It is through hard work that we can succeed in the end. It was my father that / who did the experiment in the lab. Do take care! It was then that I realized the importance of English. Never has John been late, nor have I.

30. 短文： 根据下列中文提示，写一篇词数在80左右的短文. 提示：1. 昨天在上学的路上，你 看见一个盲人在过马路，你给予帮助； 知道她要去第一人民医院买药，你一直把他送到医院才去上学； 你的老师了解情况后，说你做的对，你感到很高兴。 二、句子的写作（简单句和复合句）

31. 段落的构成： 由一组共同表示一个中心思想的许多句子组合而成的。 思想内容的一致和句子的前后连贯性。 三、段落的写作

32. （一） 写作指导 1、概括性的主题句 主题句的功能： （1）提供紧紧围绕写作目标的方法； （2）为读者提供理解作者想表述内容的工具。 2、层次分明的事例和细节 事例和细节的选择应注意： （1）每个事例/细节都应“服务/从属”于主题句的主旨； （2）相关事例/细节必须充分且有序排列； （3）巧妙运用关联词将事例与事例、细节与细节有机连接。 3、简洁明确、与主题句呼应的总结句 三、段落的写作

33. 练习一 分析对比以下两段文字，并根据要求完成任务 三、段落的写作

34. 练习二 认真阅读下列主题句。 (1) 找出以下每句的中心词 (2) 给出2-3个支持事例或细节 (3) 以一句话做总结 This weekend I helped my parents with chores. 中心词：____________________________________________ 支持事例/细节：______________________________________ 总结句：_________________________________________________ There are some advantages to taking additional classes after school. 中心词：____________________________________________ 支持事例/细节： ______________________________________ 总结句： ______________________________________________ 三、段落的写作

35. （二）优秀作文 根据下列内容提示，写一篇80词左右日记。 内容要点： 2月8日（星期六，晴天）上午8：30； 两支足球队：老年队（the Aged Team）和少年队（the Teenagers Team），最大的队员91岁，最小的队员9岁； 上半场老年队以3-2获胜，第二场老年队体力欠佳，最后少年队5-4赢得球赛。 Saturday February 8th Fine There was a special football game today. ①It attracted many people. ②The game was between the Aged Team and the Teenagers Team. The oldest player was 91 years old while the youngest was only 9. ③The game started at 8:30 in the morning. The Aged Team won the first half. The score was 3 to 2. But in the second half, they felt a bit tired. The teens were still fully of energy. ④The audience cheered for both teams. ⑤In the end, the Teenagers Team won, and the score was 5 to 4. How wonderful the game was! 三、段落的写作

36. （三）必备（背）词句 1. as soon as… 例句： 一看到见她我就知道出事了/有事不对了。 2. as + adj. + as possible / as many (much)+可数(不可数)名词+as possible 例句： 他问了尽可能多的问题。 3. be famous for… 例句： 我们学校以篮球著称。 4. had better (not) do sth. 例句： 你最好不要吃太多快餐。 三、段落的写作 I knew something was wrong as soon as I saw her. He asked as many questions as possible. Our school is famous for basketball. You’d better not eat too much fast food.

37. （三）必备（背）词句 5. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 例句： 我花了2个月完成了这项调查。 6. It’s time for sth. / It’s time for sb. to do sth. 例句： 我们该休息休息了。 7. prefer to do sth. / prefer doing A to doing B. 例句：I prefer to listen to some in my spare time. 空闲时间，我更愿意听听音乐。 比起游泳，我更喜欢钓鱼。 8. used to do sth. 例句： 以前他每天上课都迟到。 三、段落的写作 It took me two months to finish the investigation. It’s time for us to have a rest. I prefer fishing to swimming. He used to come late for class every day.

38. （四）实战演练 根据提示，写一段介绍中国各地饮食的段落。 提示（1）我国饮食种类繁多，如粤菜、川菜等各有地方特色； （2）广东菜口味清淡、四川菜以辣著称、上海菜比较油腻； （3）北方人多吃面条和饺子； （4）南方人多吃米饭和海鲜； （5）总之，中国菜色香味俱佳。 三、段落的写作

39. （五）家庭作业 丰富多彩的课外活动可以减轻学习压力、充实校园生活；同学们还可以在活动中强身健体、在合作中增进友谊。但是一些学生认为参加课外活动会浪费时间、经历；特别是活动后容易感到疲劳，从而影响学习…… 请围绕九年级学生在复习期间该不该参加课外活动(after-class activity)这一话题，展开思路谈谈你的感想。 要求： 1. 请根据提供的信息材料和话题（不要逐字翻译），写出结构完整，语言丰富又没，表达合理、语法准确、符合逻辑、可读性强的短文； 2. 80词以上； 3. 不得使用真实姓名、地名、学校名； 4. 题目自拟。 三、段落的写作

40. （一）写作指导 1. “开门见山”式的开头 2. “条理清楚”的主体 3. “点明主题”的自然结尾 四、文章的结构（开头、主体和结尾）

41. 练习一、根据背景提示编写出文章的开头。 背景1：为了保护环境，节约能源，中国政府出台了一条禁令：从2008年6月1日起，禁止超市和商店使用超薄塑料袋。如客户有需要，需付费。请针对此禁令发表你的看法。 提示词汇：ban(禁令)，stop…from doing sth. provide, free(免费), protect, cause. 你的开头：_______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 背景2：蜡烛、蛋糕……一定让你想起了一个个难忘的生日。下一个生日你打算怎么过？请以‘My Dream Birthday’为题，发挥想象，写一篇作文。 你的开头：_______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 四、文章的结构（开头、主体和结尾）

42. 练习二、为以上两篇文章各编写一个的合理的结尾练习二、为以上两篇文章各编写一个的合理的结尾 背景1： 你的结尾：_______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 背景2： 你的结尾：_______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 四、文章的结构（开头、主体和结尾）

43. （二）优秀作文 After three years of staying together, you will say goodbye to your teachers soon. You must have much to say to your teachers. We want to know: What you want to say to your English teacher most. Why you want to say so What you want to tell her about your future plan 要求：1、词数：60-80；2、不要出现真实的人名和校名 敬爱的老师，我想对你说： Dear Mrs. Guo, I want to say ‘Thank you’ most at the moment when I have to say goodbye to you. I really appreciate what you have done for me. I used to be too shy to speak English in front of the class. You found my problem and helped me out. I can still remember your smile on the day when I won the first prize in the English speech contest. It was you who gave me the confidence. I have a dream of going to the Beijing University in the future. Though it’s hard for me, I’m sure your love will encourage me to achieve. Yours, Tom 四、文章的结构（开头、主体和结尾）

44. （三）必备（背）词句 1. try one’s best to do sth. 例句： 老师希望我们竭尽全力取得尽可能大的进步。 2. not…until… 例句： 过去，直到10：30我才能去睡觉，现在我9：30就可以睡觉。 3. in order to do sth. 例句： 她努力学习为了能考取北京大学。 4. practice doing sth. 例句： 你最好多练习些听力。 四、文章的结构（开头、主体和结尾） Teachers expect us to try our best go make as great progress as possible. In the past, I couldn’t go to bed until 10:30. Now I can go to bed at 9:30. She studies hard in order to go to Beijing University. You’d better practice doing more listening.

45. （三）必备（背）词句 5. get ready for sth. … . 例句： 我在准备明天的考试。 6. all kinds of… 例句： 过去，他喜欢各种各样的水果 。 7. so… that… 例句： 瑞克是如此的害怕以至于他的书本掉到了地上 。 8. share sth. with sb. 例句： 我很乐意与她共用一本字典 。 四、文章的结构（开头、主体和结尾） I am getting ready for tomorrow’s exams. He likes all kinds of fruits. Rick was so scared that he dropped his books onto the floor. I’d like to share a dictionary with her.

46. （四）实战演练 下面是一份英语学习自我评价表，每个评价项目后有若干个选项。请在符合自己实际情况的选项方框中打√（可以多选）。根据你的选择，以“My English Learning”为题写一篇短文，介绍你英语学习中的优势与不足，并针对自己的不足之处，提出改进方法。 注意：1. 语言通顺，意思连贯，书写规范； 2. 词数80左右。 English Learning Self-assessment 1. The new words I can remember: □ all □ most □ some □ several 2. My favorite activities: □ pair work □ writing □ doing grammar exercises □ learning new vocabulary □ class discussions 四、文章的结构（开头、主体和结尾）

47. （四）实战演练 3.The most difficult part in English learning: □ reading □ listening □grammar □ vocabulary □ speaking □ writing 4. The useful ways in English learning: □ keeping a vocabulary notebook □ taking an active part in class discussions □ reading texts aloud □ preparing lessons carefully before class 5. Need to be improved in learning areas: □ listening □ reading □ speaking □ writing □grammar □ vocabulary □ pronunciation My English Learning __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 四、文章的结构（开头、主体和结尾）

48. （五）家庭作业 假如你要接受一家英文报社采访，记者提出的问题是“How can you be a good child?”请你根据下面所给提示及要求，准备一段应答稿。（文稿开头已给出，不计入总词数） 提示：1. What should you do at school? 2. What can you do to give help at home? 3. How do you show your love to parents (or grandparents…)？ 要求：1. 文稿必须包含所有提示内容，可以适当发挥； 2. 文稿中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名； 3. 词数：80个左右。 How can you be a good child? Well, to be a good child, I _____________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 四、文章的结构（开头、主体和结尾）

49. 简洁明了，事实清楚、内容完整、格式规范 （一）书信 1、写作指导 部分组成： （1）信头（Heading） （2）称呼（Salutation） （3）正文（Body of the letter） 【注意】灵活的书信写作形式---写回信。应总结上封来信中提出的问题、需求等。 （4）结束语（Closing） （5）署名（Signature） 五、 应用文（书信、电子邮件）

50. 练习题： 圣诞节快到了，你收到了一封来自圣诞老人的信。根据来信内容及提示信息，完成回信正文部分的开头、主体和结尾。 Dear Tom (Mary), Not long from now, I'll be leaving the North Pole for my long trip on Christmas. Although it's a long journey, I am still eager to visit you in Beijing soon. My elves (精灵) tell me that you have received a high mark in your final English exam this year, that's excellent! I think you are such a smart boy (girl) for your age. I'm so proud of you! I must go now to check on the busy little elves in the workshop where they are making all the toys and gifts for the good boys and girls. Let me know what present you want for the coming Christmas. We will be loading (装) the sleigh(雪橇) soon and heading your way! I’m looking forward to your message. Merry Christmas and Warmest Wishes! Santa Clause 五、 应用文（书信、电子邮件）