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The Age of Enlightenment

The Age of Enlightenment. Aim: How did the Age of Enlightenment change society?. Vocabulary. e nlightenment – in Buddhism, it is the state of perfect wisdom where a person understands the basic truths about the universe

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The Age of Enlightenment

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  1. The Age of Enlightenment Aim: How did the Age of Enlightenment change society?

  2. Vocabulary enlightenment – in Buddhism, it is the state of perfect wisdom where a person understands the basic truths about the universe “The Age of Enlightenment” was a movement in Europe in the 1600’s in which thinkers (philosophers) applied reason and the scientific method to all aspects of society Secular – concerned with worldly and not religious/spiritual matters Enlightened despots – kings and queens who were inspired by the ideas of the Enlightenment and tried to rule their subjects with resect

  3. What was “The Enlightenment? Europe in the 1600 - 1700’s A new intellectual movement that stressed logic, reasoning and thought “The Age of Reason”

  4. Enlightenment philosophers • Thomas Hobbes: • Believed all men were evil, mean • Thought laws and the government protected people from one another (and created more order) • Though absolute monarchs were the best kinds of leaders because they could impose rules and order and people would follow them (“social contract”) • John Locke: • Believed all men were good, kind • Thought laws and governments were formed to protect the welfare of the general population – “natural rights” = LIFE LIBERTY PROPERTY • Was against absolute monarchs and believed that if a leader was corrupt, people should kick him out and choose a new one (VERY IMPORTANT IDEA!)

  5. Voltaire • Freedom of speech • Freedom of religion Montesquieu • Separation of powers • Checks and balances Rousseau • Direct democracy • Free individuals choose to come together and form a government

  6. Ideas spread • Enlightenment philosophers wrote books and published their ideas • Some monarchs embraced these ideas and were interested in ruling their people fairly • They were called “enlightened despots”

  7. Frederick II AKA Frederick the Great (Prussia, 1740 – 1786) • Called himself “the servant of the state”; wanted to help people in his country • Granted religious freedom • Improved education • Reduced censorship • Reformed the justice system • Abolished the use of torture

  8. Catherine II AKA Catherine the Great (Russia, 1762 – 1796) • Russia 1762 – 1796 • Well educated, interested in philosophy • Absolute ruler, but was interested in reform • She recommended many reforms, including more religious toleration, abolishing torture/death penalty and ending serfdom • Failed to accomplish all of these • Her commission (team) didn’t support them • But she did manage to expand the size of Russia

  9. Long-term impact: The belief in progress • People began challenging the “status quo” (norm) • Church • Absolute monarchy • Society • People become more secular • Less religious • Importance of the individual • People looked to themselves for answers, ideas • Laid the foundation for all future revolutions

  10. End Please take your quiz and fill out your Review Sheet on the Enlightenment! 

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