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Work Report

Work Report. Speaker : You Lin Advisor : Chen Gang. The development of biological mechanics. Leonardo Da Vinci : he was interested in a means by which man could fly and thus he studied the flight of birds.

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Work Report

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  1. Work Report Speaker : You Lin Advisor : Chen Gang

  2. CARE

  3. CARE

  4. The development of biological mechanics Leonardo Da Vinci: he was interested in a means by which mancould fly and thus he studied the flight of birds. Bionics: Applying biological principles to the study and design of engineering systems When ? Galileo Galilei: interested in the strength of bones and suggested that bones are hollow for this affords maximum strength with minimum weight. Biological optimization CARE

  5. The development of biological mechanics When ? • Y.C. Fung : 1966, The university of California • (Yuan Cheng Fung) Department of Bioengineering • The research of the constitutive relation of biological soft tissue • The research of pulmonary blood flow law • The research of growth and stress relationship of biological tissue and organ CARE

  6. The development of biological mechanics What? Biomechanics : ”mechanics applied to biology” The development, extension and application of mechanics for the purposes of understanding better physiology and pathophysiology as well as the diagnosis and treatment of disease and injury. That is, the overall goal of biomechanics is, and must remain, the general improvement of the human condition. CARE

  7. Bio- • The development of biological mechanics nonlinear、­finite elasticity, viscoelasticity、mixture theory -----theoretical framework Equipment Basic life sciences Mathematics Mechanics Computer Need CARE

  8. The development of biological mechanics Journal: the Journal of Biomechanics(1968) the ASME Journal of Biomechanical Engineering(1977) Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering(1998) Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology(2002) … the Annals of Biomedical Engineering the IEEE Transactions for Biomedical Engineering CARE

  9. Three general areas of study: CARE

  10. Five basic steps in the formulation of a constitutive: -------DEICE CARE

  11. Application How will humans respond to the altered loads associated with space travel? CARE

  12. Application Biomechanics aims to explain the mechanics of life and living. From molecules to organisms, everything must obey the laws of mechanics. • from the design of a vehicle with improved crashworthiness, to the design of a wheelchair; • (Optimizationdesign, humanization design) • from the design of a left ventricular assist device to aid a failing heart, to the design of an intraocular implant to improve vision; • (Supplementary) CARE

  13. Application • from predicting which diagnosed aneurysm is at risk of rupture, to identifying thefailure strength of an anterior cruciate ligament in an elite athlete, which must be protected during training and competition; • (Evaluation) • from designing an artificial heart valve that must open and close over 30 million times per year, to designing a biologically coated intravascular stent device to prevent restenosis; • (Design bio-) • from using computer-aided modeling to guide plastic surgery, to designing catheters that induce less denudation damage; CARE

  14. Application • from designing a mechanical ventilator to support patients in respiratory distress, to specifying rehabilitation schedules that promote tissue healing; • (Systematization) • from quantifying brain properties that enable robotic-assisted surgery, to designing improved procedures in surgical specialties; • (automation) • from the engineering of tissue for surgical replacement, to the development of an improved interpretation of ultrasound images and hundreds of applications in between. • (assistant technology/ substitute) CARE

  15. Tendon R.F. Ker. 1981 , The plantaris tendon of sheep : design of clamp and extensometer ,modulus, dissipates, frequencies, temperature R.F. Ker, N.J. Dimery, R.M. Alexander. 1986, wallaby : clamp, The photographic method,modulus, bending tests X.T. Wang, M.R. Ruister, R. Alexander, R.F. Ker. 1991, mammalian tail tendons : Temperature R.F. Ker. 1999, Soft Collagenous Load-Dearing Tissues: design, tendon, cartilage, heel pad, stress-strain, micromechanics T.A.L. Wren, S.A. Yerby, G.S. Beaupré, D.R. Carter. 2000, calcaneus : Dual-Energy X-Ray absorptiometry measurements, the Assessment of Osteopenia and Fracture Risk T.A.L. Wren, S.A. Yerby, G.S. Beaupré, D.R. Carter. 2001, human achilles tendon: 1%、10%/s strain rate, modulus, failure stress/strain T.A.L. Wren, S.A. Yerby, G.S. Beaupré, D.R. Carter. 2003, human achillestendon: creep, cycle load, failure CARE

  16. Tendon Fig. 1. Principle of the measurements CARE

  17. Tendon an extension rod the screw duralinner tube Pins a PTFE coat The core the steel outer tube Fig. 2. The extensometer LVDT the wires CARE

  18. Tendon 1986 1981 Fig. 3. The two types of clamp used in the investigation CARE

  19. Tendon 1991 Fig. 4. The heating cylinder, which was filled with liquid paraffin to prevent the tendon drying and to improve heat transport.The cylinder is placed over the lower clamp and screwed to the actuator. CARE

  20. Tendon 2003 2001 Fig. 5. Experimental setup CARE

  21. Tendon Fig. 6. Typical stress - strain relation CARE

  22. Tendon The Cox’s theory Fig.7. Stress distribution in fibre and matrix for discontinuous fibre reinforcement CARE

  23. Tendon CARE

  24. Appendix [1] G.A. Holzapfel . Biomechanics of Soft Tissue. Computational Biomechanics[J], 7(2000):1~12 [2] J.D. Humphre. Review Paper: Continuum Biomechanics of Soft Biological Tissues. Proceedings of the Royal Society of society[J]. A(2003):1~46 [3] T.A.L. Wren, S.A. Yerby, G.S. Beaupré, D.R. Carter. Interpretation of Calcaneus Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Measurements in the Assessment of Osteopenia and Fracture Risk. Journal of Bone and Material Research[J]. 15(2000):1573~1578 [4] T.A.L. Wren, S.A. Yerby, G.S. Beaupré, D.R. Carter. Mechanical Properties of the Human Achilles Tendon. Clinical Biomechanics[J], 16(2001):245~251 [5] T.A.L. Wren, S.A. Yerby, G.S. Beaupré, D.R. Carter. Effects of Creep and Cyclic Loading on the Mechanical Properties and Failure of Human Achilles Tendons. Annals of Biomedical Engineering[J], 31(2003):710~717 [6] R.F. Ker. Dynamic Tensile Properties of The Plantaris Tendon of Sheep(Ovisaries). The Journal of Experimental Biology[J], 93(1981):283~302 [7] R.F. Ker, N.J. Dimery, R.M. Alexander. The Role of Tendon Elasticity in Hopping in a Wallaby (MacropusRufogriseus). Journal of Zoology[J], 208(1986):417~428 [8] X.T. Wang, M.R. Ruister, R. Alexander, R.F. Ker. The Effect of Temperature on the Tensile Stiffness of Mammalian Tail Tendons. Journal of Zoology[J], 223(1991):491~497 [9] R.F. Ker. The Design of Soft Collagenous Load-Dearing Tissues. The Journal of Experimental Biology[J], 202(1999):537~548 CARE

  25. thank you for your attention! CARE

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