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Transcription and Translation Fundamentals Quiz

Test your knowledge on DNA transcription and translation processes and their significance in protein synthesis. Understand the key concepts behind RNA formation, amino acid coding, mutation types, and cellular differentiation.

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Transcription and Translation Fundamentals Quiz

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  1. Transcription and Translation Formative Quiz

  2. Question 1 • A segment of DNA on a chromosome holds the code or “recipe” for a protein is called a _______.

  3. Question 2 • Fill in the blank: • DNA  RNA  ____________  traits

  4. Question 3 • What are the three types of traits?

  5. Question 4 • The process of forming RNA from a strand of DNA is called ___________.

  6. Question 5 • RNA has ____ strand.

  7. Question 6 • What are the three types of RNA?

  8. Question 7 • ____________ replaces the nucleotide THYMINE in an RNA molecule.

  9. Question 8 • Transcription Steps: • DNA unwinds • Hydrogen bonds split • _________________ joins free floating RNA nucleotides to complementary DNA nucleotides

  10. Question 9 • Every set of three mRNA nucleotides, called a ___________, correlates to 1 amino acid.

  11. Question 10 • Which amino acid is coded from AUG? • Why is it important?

  12. Question 11 • Transcription takes place in the ______________.

  13. Question 12 • The process of reading RNA to build a chain of amino acids is called _____________.

  14. Question 13 • Translation takes place on a __________ found in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

  15. Question 14 • _________ attaches to each codon on the mRNA strand. • Then another ________ molecule attaches to the next codon, and the amino acids join.

  16. Question 15 • The bond found between amino acids is called a ______________ bond.

  17. Question 16 • What would be the tRNA anticodon for this mRNA codon? CAG

  18. Question 17 • Which amino acid would the tRNA be attached to that belongs to this mRNA codon? AAC

  19. Question 18 • What is the name of the codon at which point translation will then STOP?

  20. Question 19 • A chain of amino acids will then FOLD to form a _________.

  21. Question 20 • If you changed just ONE nucleotide on a DNA strand, this would change the sequence of: • A: mRNA • B: tRNA • C: rRNA • D: amino acids • E: all of the above

  22. Question 21 • Non-coding DNA is also referred to as _________ DNA. It does not contain information for the production of _________.

  23. Question 22 • Substitution, Deletion and Addition Mutations are all examples of ________ mutations. Deletion and Addition are called __________ mutations. • Which is the least serious?__________

  24. Question 23 • The difference between a muscle cell and a skin cell is that different genes are ___________.

  25. Transcription and Translation Formative Quiz ANSWER KEY

  26. Question 1 • A segment of DNA on a chromosome holds the code or “recipe” for a protein is called a _GENE______.

  27. Question 2 • Fill in the blank: • DNA  RNA  PROTEINS  traits

  28. Question 3 • What are the three types of traits? • Behavioral • Physical • Physiological

  29. Question 4 • The process of forming RNA from a strand of DNA is called TRANSCRIPTION.

  30. Question 5 • RNA has _1___ strand.

  31. Question 6 • What are the three types of RNA? • rRNA • mRNA • tRNA

  32. Question 7 • _URACIL____ replaces the nucleotide THYMINE in an RNA molecule.

  33. Question 8 • Transcription Steps: • DNA unwinds • Hydrogen bonds split • RNA POLYMERASE joins free floating RNA nucleotides to complementary DNA nucleotides

  34. Question 9 • Every set of three mRNA nucleotides, called a _CODON__, correlates to 1 amino acid.

  35. Question 10 • Which amino acid is coded from AUG? • METHIONINE • Why is it important? • START CODON

  36. Question 11 • Transcription takes place in the _NUCLEUS_____________.

  37. Question 12 • The process of reading RNA to build a chain of amino acids is called TRANSLATION.

  38. Question 13 • Translation takes place on a RIBOSOME found in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

  39. Question 14 • _anticodon________ attaches to each codon on the mRNA strand. • Then another _tRNA_______ molecule attaches to the next codon, and the amino acids join.

  40. Question 15 • The bond found between amino acids is called a _PEPTIDE___ bond.

  41. Question 16 • What would be the tRNA anticodon for this mRNA codon? CAG GUC

  42. Question 17 • Which amino acid would the tRNA be attached to that belongs to this mRNA codon? AAC Asn

  43. Question 18 • What is the name of the codon at which point translation will then STOP? • STOP Codon: • UAA, UAG, UGA

  44. Question 19 • A chain of amino acids will then FOLD to form a _PROTEIN________.

  45. Question 20 • If you changed just ONE nucleotide on a DNA strand, this would change the sequence of: • A: mRNA • B: tRNA • C: rRNA • D: amino acids • E: all of the above

  46. Question 21 • Non-coding DNA is also referred to as junk DNA. It does not contain information for the production of proteins/polypeptides.

  47. Question 22 • Substitution, Deletion and Addition Mutations are all examples of point mutations. Deletion and Addition are called frameshift mutations. • Which is the least serious? substitution

  48. Question 23 • The difference between a muscle cell and a skin cell is that different genes are activated/turned on.

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