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retia mirabile

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retia mirabile

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    1. ????? 7 ??????????????????????????????????

    2. ???????????? ????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ???????? retia mirabile ???????????? ?????? ???????????????? ????????????? ???? ???????????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ??????????

    3. ???????????? ???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ????????? (???????) ??? Spotted notothen ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????? (-2.2) – (-1.4) ???? C ??????????????????????????????????

    4. ???????????????????? ????????????????????? ???? ?????? (mudskipper) ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

    5. ???????????????????? ?????????????????? Labyrinth ??????????? Anabantidae ????... Dendrite or Arborescent organ ??????????????? ???? ... Diverticula ???????????????? ???? ...

    6. ???????????????????? ??????????????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????

    7. ???????????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ???????? buccal mucosa ????????????????????????????????????????????????

    8. ???????????????????? ??????????????????????? ???????? 3 ???? ??? Haplosternum , Ancistrus , Plecostomus ??????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

    9. ???????????????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????????????????? ????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ??????? (Polypterus) , ??????? (Amia) , ???? (Lepisosteus)

    10. ??????????????? ???????????? = Diurnal animals ??????????????????? ???????????????????? ???????????? = Nocturnal animals ???????????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????????????????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????? ???? ?????

    11. ??????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ???? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

    12. ????????? ???????????????????????????? ??????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????

    13. ???????????????? ??????????????????????????? ???? ??????? ????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ???????????????? ???? ????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????????????/????????? ???? ??????

    14. ???????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? (mutualism) ????????????????????????? ( Protocooperation) ???????????????????????? (Commensalism) ????????? (Parasitism) ????????????? (Predation) ???????????? (Competition) ??????????? (Antibiosis) ???????????? (Neutralism) ???????????? (Saprophytism)

    15. ??????????????? (mutualism) + , + ?????????????????????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????????????????????????? ???? Anabaena ??? ?????? Chlorella ??? ????? ?????????????????? ??? ?????????????

    16. ????????????????????????? ( Protocooperation) + , + ?????????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ???? ???????????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????

    17. ???????????????????????? (Commensalism) + , 0 ???????????????????? ??????????????????????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???????????????????? ???? ??? ????

    18. ????????? (Parasitism) + , - ??????????????? ????????? Ectoparasite , Endoparasite , Hyperparasite (virus, bact.) ???????????????? ??????????? (host) Principal host ???????????????????????????????????????? Intermediate host ?????? ???????????????????????????????

    19. ????????? (Parasitism) ???????? ????? ??? ??????????????? ?? ??? principal host ????????? ??? first intermediate host ??? ??? second intermediate host

    20. ????????? (Parasitism) ???????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ???? ????????? (pearlfishes) ???? Carapidae ??????????????????????????? ???????? ???????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

    21. ????????? (Parasitism) ???????? ???????????????? ???????????????????? ????????? ?????? Tricomycteridae ??????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????

    23. ????????????? (Predation) + , - ?????????????????? ??? ?????? (predator) ???????????????? ??? ?????? (prey) ???? ????????????????? ???????????

    24. ???????????? (Competition) - ,- ???? - ,0 ??????????????????????????????? ???? ????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????

    25. ??????????? (Antibiosis) 0 , - ??????????????????????????????????????? ???? ?? Penicillium ???????????????????????????? Bacteria

    26. ???????????? (Neutralism) 0 , 0 ???????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ???? ??????? ??? ???

    27. ???????????? (Saprophytism) ????????????????????????????????????? ???? ?? , ????????? ??????????????????????????????

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