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Grammar

Grammar. The Attributive Clause ( 如果上课前解决了前三张幻灯才能用 一个课时上到第 16 张幻灯，剩下的两张可以 留在定语从句 2 前 ). The Attributive Clause. 在复合句中充当定语的从句叫 定语从句 。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句。 在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。 关系词 有关系代词和关系副词两种。

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Grammar

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  1. Grammar The Attributive Clause (如果上课前解决了前三张幻灯才能用 一个课时上到第16张幻灯，剩下的两张可以 留在定语从句2前 )

  2. The Attributive Clause • 在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句。 • 在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。 • 引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that等。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。 • 引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where或 why等。when, where, why分别在定语从句中作状语，在意义上相当于介词+which结构，分别代替表示时间、地点或原因的先行词。

  3. 引导定语从句的关系代词that which who whom whose which 指物, 作主语或宾语。 who 指人，作主语或宾语。 whom指人，作宾语。 that 既指人又指物, 作主语或宾语。 whose既指人又指物，作定语。 (that, which, whom在定语从句中 作宾语时, 可省去。)

  4. who / that ( whom/that） • The foreigner visited our class yesterday is from Canada. (人，主语) • The girl we saw yesterday is Li Ping ’s sister . (人，宾语) • A plane is a machine can fly. (物，主语) • The noodles I cooked were delicious . (物，宾语) • He is a popular singer song is popular among young people. （人，定语） • The house windows face south is mine . (物，定语) =The house , the windows of face south , is mine . (物，宾语) which /that （which /that） whose whose which

  5. 关系副词 where, when ,why This is the factory. I worked in the factory ten years ago. This is the factory where I worked ten years ago. =This is the factory in which I worked ten years ago (which/ that ) This is the factory I visited last summer .

  6. They’ll never forget July 1. Hong Kong returned to its motherland on July 1. They’ll never forget July 1 when Hong Kong returned to its motherland. =They’ll never forget July 1 on which Hong Kong returned to its motherland. I will never forget the night _________ we spent together . (which/that）

  7. 总结关系副词: where, when, why 在定语从句中作状语时， 时间 when = in / at / on / during which 地点 where = at/in/on which 原因 why = for which “when”means “at that time”, “where”means“at that place”, “why”is used after the word“reason”.

  8. (in which/that) • I don’t like the way ___________ you speak to her . • I don’t know the reason ____________________ he was absent yesterday • Is this the reason ________ you gave for your being absent . (why/for which /that) (which/that)

  9. Note Ⅰ that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不which。 • 先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, • none(指物时), few, little, much 等不定代词时。 There was little (that) we could do to help her. Everything (that) they said was true. 提示： something 后面可用which引导定语从句。 There is something (which/that) I'd like to tell you.

  10. (2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。 I’ve read all the books (that)Mark Twain writes . (3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。 This is thefirst book (that) he has read. (4)先行词被the only, the very, the right, the last修饰时。 This is thevery book (that)I am looking for . （5）先行词既有人又有物 We talked about the people and things (that) we are interested in .

  11. Note Ⅱ • 主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句，只用that， • 不用who或which,以避免重复。 Who is the man that is shouting there? 2.关系代词在定语从句中作to be的表语,只用that不用who 或which. She is not the girl that she used to be.

  12. Note III 一. 只用who不用that的情况： （1）当先行词是one, ones, anybody, anyone, all, none, those 等, 指人时一般用who, 不用that. Those who …Anyone who … He who laughs last laughs best. （2）非限制性定语从句中 I, who am your friend, will share the work with you. 二.用which不用that的情况： （1）先行词为that , those时 ， those which…, that which…. (2) 作介词的宾语，且介词前置时 The school in which he once worked is a key school. （3）非限制性定语从句中 Mr. Joe lives in Beijing now, which is quite a long way from here. (4)当关系代词后有插入成分时 I have received your letter which , as I have told you , is badly needed by the press .

  13. 三. 用whom 不用that的情况 • （1）作介词的宾语，且介词前置时 • This is the famous singer about whom we have often talked. • （2）非限制性定语从句中 • He is a man of rich experience, from whom much can be learned.

  14. Fill in the blanks with who, whom, that, whichor whose. that / which 1. The earthquake ___________ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history. 2. We don’t know the number of people __________ lost their homes in 1906 earthquake. that / who (which /that) 3. The house __________ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.

  15. whose (whom/that) 4. Look at that lady______name is Rose. 5. He is a teacher ______________ I like very much. 6. Those _____will go to the park stay here. 7. That was all the money ______I had. 8. In the darkness , there is no one _____ (介词)whom he could turn for help. who that to

  16. 8. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _____ they remembered in the school. 9. Who ______ has common sense will do such a thing ? 10. The person to______ you just talked is Mr. Li. that that whom 注意 短语动词不能拆开，即介词必须紧跟着动词。 This is the book (that/which) I am looking for . 此外，还有 look after ,take care of ,等等

  17. Exercise B 1. Is this the factory ____ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 2. Is this factory ____ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one D

  18. 特殊的关系代词 but = that not / who not / which not , 只能引到限制性定语从句。 • There is not a single student in my class but would like to study more. • 我班上没有一个学生不愿意多学一点的东西的。（but = who not ） • There are very few but are against war • 很少人不反对战争。（but = who not）

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