Chapter 15 Section 3
Chapter 15 Section 3. The Challenge of the Cities. Suburb. Residential communities surrounding cities Most people lived in the cities As they made more money and transportation improved, they could live further from where they worked. Tenement.
Chapter 15 Section 3
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Chapter 15 Section 3 The Challenge of the Cities
Suburb • Residential communities surrounding cities • Most people lived in the cities • As they made more money and transportation improved, they could live further from where they worked
Tenement • Low cost apartment buildings designed to house as many families as the owner could pack in • A group of dirty, run-down tenements could transform an area into a slum
Dumbbell Tenement • Named for its dumbbell shape • Each building narrowed in the middle, and gaps on either side formed air shafts to bring light and air inside the rooms • An improvement but… • Still not an open balcony • Garbage collected at the bottom of the shafts
Describe living conditions in a dumbbell tenement • Overcrowded • Unsanitary • Disease ridden • Run down • Low cost
How did Jacob Riis expose the conditions that existed in tenement houses? • Mastered new technology of flash photography • Showed the photographs to people in lecture halls
What were three technological developments that enabled cities to house more people? • Elevator • Subway • Cable car • Elevated trains • Electric trolleys • Bessemer process
Political Machine • An unofficial city organization designed to keep a particular party or group in power and usually headed by a single powerful “boss”
What contributed to the rise of political machines? • As city governments grew in size, wealth, and power, they became prizes to control. The machine enabled a local faction of one party to maintain control
Who benefitted most from Boss Tweed’s control of New York City? • Tweed and his allies benefitted the most • His political machine was self-serving and bad for the population of New York City
Graft • The use of one’s job to gain profit
Why did some people criticize graft? • Graft is distasteful because it involves using one’s position of power to exploit others.
List 4 challenges that people living in cities faced. • Overcrowding • Disease • Danger of fires • Contaminated water • Lack in indoor plumbing
