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Preliminary Results from the Questionnaire Study

Preliminary Results from the Questionnaire Study. AtGentive @ Oxford 18.05.2006. The Characters. 3 facial expressions. Five characters (from left to right): Dino, William, Julie, Philippe, and Onty. Study Design. 12 scales Affect space (emotional valence, arousal, dominance)

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Preliminary Results from the Questionnaire Study

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  1. Preliminary Results from theQuestionnaire Study AtGentive @ Oxford 18.05.2006

  2. The Characters 3 facial expressions Five characters (from left to right): Dino, William, Julie, Philippe, and Onty

  3. Study Design • 12 scales • Affect space (emotional valence, arousal, dominance) • Usability space, ISO 9241-11 (effectiveness,efficiency, satisfaction) • Attention space (conspicuousness, distractiveness,interestingness) • Role space (sex, pertinence, believability) • 5 agents × 3 facial expressions • Respondents are instructed and the Web-based questionnaire administered face-to-face • Our aim is to collect 90 responses (30 for each between-subjects group) within-subjects between-subjects

  4. Preliminary Results • 45 respondents (16 female, 29 male) • 14-16 per group (expression) • Age from 21 to 53 years (mean ~28 yrs) • Agent character has a statistically significant effect on several scales¹ • 45 evaluations per each avatar • Results still somewhat preliminary • Especially concerning potential sex differences • Facial expression has already some significant effects¹ • emotional valence • moderates experienced dominance and characters’ conspicuousness • Only 14 to 16 respondents per facial expression • More data is required and will be collected ¹ In this case, statistical significance means p<0.05 or less

  5. Affect Space: Valence and Arousal Aroused Arousal Calm - Emotional valence +

  6. Affect Space: Valence and Dominance LNegative agent JPositive agent KNeutral agent Female respondents Male respondents Self Dominance Agent - Emotional valence +

  7. Usability Space: Efficiency and Satisfaction Female respondents Male respondents All respondents Satisfaction Efficiency

  8. Attention Space: Conspicuousness and Interestingness Interestingness Conspicuousness

  9. Role Space: Pertinence and Believability Believability Pertinence

  10. “Least intimidating” “Cute, friendly, funny, …” “Angry expression” “Childish, naïve, …“ Preference Most pleasant Least pleasant

  11. Discussion • Facial expressions of a virtual character influence social human-computer interaction • E.g. a character can signal that it wants to take control • People expect to learn more efficiently with virtual characters • Better results lead to satisfaction (?) • Interesting characters draw attention … • … but conspicuousness does not necessarily lead to interest (e.g., “Character draws negative attention…”) • Pertinent characters are believable • Human-like, pertinent characters as teachers • Non-human characters are conspicuous and interesting • Motivators and attention guides • Some characters commented to be more suitable for children • Support for having different characters for AtgentSchool and AtgentNet

  12. Thank you!

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