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Fast Water Response Tactics and USCG Guides Kurt A. Hansen, P.E. (860) 441-2865

U.S. Department of Transportation United States Coast Guard Research and Development Center Groton. Connecticut. Fast Water Response Tactics and USCG Guides Kurt A. Hansen, P.E. (860) 441-2865 Kurt.A.Hansen@uscg.mil. Fast Water Response Project (1998-2003). Initial Assessment Field Tests

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Fast Water Response Tactics and USCG Guides Kurt A. Hansen, P.E. (860) 441-2865

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  1. U.S. Department of TransportationUnited States Coast GuardResearch and Development CenterGroton. Connecticut Fast Water Response Tactics and USCG Guides Kurt A. Hansen, P.E. (860) 441-2865 Kurt.A.Hansen@uscg.mil

  2. Fast Water Response Project (1998-2003) • Initial Assessment • Field Tests • Columbia River • Martha’s Vineyard • New York Harbor • Ohmsett Tests • Off-the Shelf Skimmers • R&D Approaches • University of NH Skimmer • Reports • CG-D-18-99 “Control of Oil Spills in High Speed Current, A Technology Assessment” • CG-D-01-02 “Oil Spill Response in Fast Currents, A Field Guide” • CG-D-02-03 “Evaluation of New Approaches to the Containment and Recovery of Oil in Fast Water” • CG-D-03-03 “Oil Response in Fast Water Currents: A Decision Tool” • “Oil Response in Fast Water: A Training Video, September, 2003

  3. Fast Water Field Guide CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 2. DECISION APPROACH CHAPTER 3. HYDRODYNAMIC CONSIDERATIONS ·Estimating currents and boom deflection angles ·Selecting the best control points considering flow and topography ·Determining forces on boom and the effects of mooring line angles CHAPTER 4. SCENARIOS & TACTICS CHAPTER 5. BOOMING TECHNIQUES CHAPTER 6. SKIMMING TECHNIQUES CHAPTER 7. SPECIAL CONDITIONS/ALTERNATE TECHNIQUES CHAPTER 8. SUPPORT EQUIPMENT ·Mooring Systems and Techniques ·Boats & powering considerations and Aircraft ·Temporary Oil Storage: Floating & Land CHAPTER 9. SPECIALIZED METHODS AND TECHNIQUES

  4. Decision Guide

  5. Maximum Boom AnglesThis reduces forces and stops entrainment Page 8

  6. Estimated Current SpeedCurrent Chip Log Appendix F

  7. Angle Measurement Page 8 XANGLE 1 45.0 2 26.0 3 18.0 4 14.0 5 11.0 6 9.5 7 8.0 8 7.0 10 5.7 20 3.0 30 2.0 Example: Angle = 14 degrees X = 4 Using boat length: Lay out 4 boat lengths of boom along the shore. Anchor boom end one boat length out from shore 1 ANGLE X

  8. Preplanning is important Select natural collection points Rivers/CanalsSite Selection Page 12

  9. Areas • Rivers/Canals • Rivers/Canals (Tidal) • Small Streams/Culverts • Coastal

  10. Techniques • Diversion Boom (single and cascade) • Chevron • Encircling • Sealing (blocking and overflow and underflow) • Skimmers • Air and Water Jets • Sorbents (for special areas)

  11. Diversion Boom

  12. Double Boom

  13. Cascade

  14. Chevron

  15. Tidal

  16. Shoreline Seal

  17. Culverts

  18. Shoreline

  19. Shoreline Cascade

  20. Lower Level Inlets

  21. Inlets

  22. Variations

  23. Variations (cont)

  24. Boom Deflectors

  25. Boom Vane

  26. Boom Vane

  27. Skimmers • VOSS • NOFI • V-Shape • Inclined Plane • Dynamic Inclined Plane (DIP 600) • Rope Mop ZRV • Expansion Weir • Circulation Weir

  28. NOFI and Others

  29. Special Conditions • Ice • Sorbent Applications • Pneumatic Booms • Water Jets • Moored vessels • Propeller Wash • Log Booms • Flow Diverters • Debris

  30. Special

  31. Pneumatic Boom • 1.3 Knot current for 5 SCFM/foot of pipe

  32. Support equipment • Mooring Systems • Shoreline Mooring • Boats and Power Selection • Temporary Storage

  33. AnchoringTry to stay onshore

  34. Anchoring

  35. For a 100 foot section of boom (draft of one foot) at two knots of current, the force is over 250 pounds. No one can hold this amount Light lines will be broken Failures could also be submergence or skirt failure Boom Forces Page 9

  36. Forces on Towed Boom

  37. Forces on Boom • F= K * A * V2 • K is Coefficient (1.7-4.7) • A is total boom area • V is speed in knots

  38. Specialized Methods • Lessons learned • Tricks of the Trade

  39. Oil Spill Response in Fast Currents, A Field Guide” APPENDICES A.Table and Worksheet for Fast Water Response B. Definitions C. Conversion Tables D. Processes Accelerated in Swift Current E. Cascade Tactic for Booming a River F. Current Estimation and Mooring Line Issues G.Diversion Boom Mooring Line Force Worksheet H. Vector Analysis for Currents and Wind I. Heavy Oils J. Culvert Calculations K. Safety L. Technology Assessment REFERENCES

  40. Oil Spill Response in Fast Water Currents: A Decision Tool • Decision Charts • Safety • Drawings of Techniques • Hydrodynamic Calculations • Requirements • Forces • Mooring

  41. Decision Charts

  42. Safety

  43. Direction of Oil Shore Boom Pictures

  44. Hydrodynamic Calculations

  45. Worksheet

  46. River Width 600 feet 1000 feet River Example Chip Log Time 15 sec 40 sec Maximum Angle 10 Deg 45 Deg Boom Length 3750 feet 2250 feet Force on Boom 6” draft 1704 12” draft 3402 Force on Boom 6” draft 1120 12” draft 2250

  47. Questions? Reports at www.rdc.uscg.gov

  48. Lessons Learned Pages 78-80 • Buoys on permanent anchors can get stolen • Use the smallest rope possible to reduce drag • Use mechanical devices such as Grip Hoist, Come-Alongs and Handgrips to facilitate deployments • Loop of rope can be used in lieu of grippers • Roll up skirt during deployment in high currents • Shorter boom sections and shorter bridles make handling easier • Reports at www.rdc.uscg.gov

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